Goal 2 Part 1: Regional Economies Create Sectionalism / Madison’s Presidency / Nationalism Shaping Foreign and Domestic Policy

END OF WAR OF 1812 War of 1812 – ITS OVER!!! (1) American Nationalism goes up! because we won complete independence from Britain ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

Mass Production / Industrial Revolution Factory System -Using power-driven machinery and laborers assigned to different tasks, which lead to Mass Production- production of goods in large quantities Industrial Revolution: machines “replace” hand tools, large-scale factory production developed begins in Britain and affects America

America after Embargo Act of 1807 / War of 1812 Remember: Embargo Act of 1807 = failure (WHY?) Economic standstill /(America looked for other means of making $) RESULTS: North = businesses / factories / small farms (no need for slaves) / especially New England states South = agriculture (farming) / large plantations (fertile land)

Eli Whitney’s Inventions invented the (1) “COTTON GIN”  an efficient machine that cleaned out the seeds in cotton / made for quicker and more efficient ways of growing cotton (2) “ Interchangeable” parts – parts that are exactly alike  Purpose: one part breaks, get the same part off the shelf!

Cotton Gin accelerates slavery in 1820s *** THE COTTON GIN ACCELERATED THE EXPANSION OF SLAVERY *** Africans Americans affected the MOST from the Cotton Gin

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser) War Hawk

The American System Promoted by “Henry Clay” (War Hawk) PURPOSE: to unify the two economies (North and South) / receive economic independence from other countries in the world 3 Parts to American System Remember: P.I.N.

3 Parts of American System by Henry Clay (PIN) (1) Establishing a protective tariff (Madison’s Tariff of 1816) (P) (2) Developing “internal improvements” and other transportation systems (ex. National Road and the Erie Canal = provides “connection”) (I) (3) Resurrecting the National Bank of the United States (Downsized by President Jefferson years earlier) (N) - supported by Hamilton Purpose?

Erie Canal National Road Hudson to Great Lakes Maryland to Illinois

ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS Era of Good Feelings : timeframe “after War of 1812” / North and South feel really good about America – no political strife in the America (just different economies) Started through President James Monroe in 1816 (president elect) **** Era of Good Feelings ENDED with the “Corrupt Bargain” in 1824 (election of John Quincy Adams)

*Madison’s Tariff of 1816 (PROTECTIVE) Purpose: to help pay for the “internal improvements” Examples? Reaction from North and South NORTH = LOVED IT!!!! (more profit from American goods) SOUTH = HATED IT!!!! (too dependent on foreign- made goods) NOT eager to tax foreign markets / resentment of federal government Remember: Southern Farmers will consistently oppose a “protective tariff” Main result: Sectionalism

SECOND NATIONAL BANK OF THE UNITED STATES Purpose: cover what the first one didn’t / re-chartered during Madison’s Tariff of 1816 Created a “national currency”  Easier to do national business  Weakness of Articles of Confederation

TQ – How did Henry Clay’s American System support Nationalism? (a) by promoting the growth of slavery (b) by rejecting Madison’s Protective Tariff of 1816 (c) by rejecting the Second Bank of the United States (d) by promoting the development of transportation systems and other internal improvements

NATIONALISM Strong influences on courts, domestic & foreign policy, & Westward Expansion DOMESTIC POLICY (JOHN MARSHALL) - S.C Justice (1) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) (2) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

McCulloch V. Maryland (1819) States cannot overturn laws passed by Congress *Maryland was denied the right to tax the National Bank Therefore: Bank of U.S. = Constitutional Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic clause) was put to the test for the first time “The power to tax is the power to destroy” - John Marshall

Gibbons V. Ogden (1824) Robert Fulton (invented the steam engine) and Robert Livingston received the rights to run steamships on the Hudson River in New York Mr. Ogden (licensed from Fulton and Livingston / state) ran his boat on the Hudson River Mr. Gibbons (licensed under the federal government / national) ran his boat on the Hudson River

Gibbons V. Ogden (1824) Results: (1) Federal government controls “INTERSTATE COMMERCE” Ogden’s license was illegal (because it crossed state lines) (2) Increased the power of the Federal Government (John Marshall)