Company Introduction Leigh Anne Alford Emily Behncke Janet Mozaffari Sofie Leon

UNICA is Brazil’s Sugarcane Industry Association Who is UNICA? An acronym for União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar The key lobbying organization for Brazil’s sugarcane and ethanol fuel producers UNICA members are responsible for more than 50% of all ethanol produced in Brazil and 60% of overall sugar production. UNICA develops position papers, statistics and specific research in support of Brazilian sugar, ethanol and bioelectricity producers

UNICA’s History & Global Presence Government deregulated sugar and ethanol 1997: UNICA was created [Focus on Sao Paulo] UNICA is now Brazil’s largest organization representing producers of sugar, ethanol and bioelectricity The Board of Directors: Member companies, full-time executives, specialists and technical consultants with expertise in environmental issues, technology, energy, international trade, corporate social responsibility, legislation, economics and communications. 2007: International Strategy: Lobbying & Education Washington D.C & Brussels 2012: March 27 th Marcos Jank Resigns from Presidency

1975In response to oil crisis, Brazil's ProAlcool created though invigorated in U.S. creates a 40¢/gal incentive for ethanol use as an exemption from the fuel-excise taxes 1980U.S. imposes a tariff of imported ethanol and a 40¢/gal blender’s credit extended to U.S. increases incentives and tariff to 60¢/gal. 1987ProAlcool is dismantled, Brazilian new government cuts agricultural subsidies 1988Brazil’s new constitution limits role of state in economic activities 1989 Fall of Soviet Union  major realignment of sugar market, helps Brazil’s sugar export 1990 Brazil’s first democratically elected president takes office and immediately closes Sugar & Ethanol Agency (IAA). U.S. reduces incentive & tariff to 54¢/gal, creates 10¢/gal small producer’s incentive, extends programs until Brazil’s hyperinflation brought under control and economic liberalization takes hold. 1997Brazilian government eliminates Petrobras monopoly 1998U.S. extends incentives/tariff until 2007, but reduces incentive to 51¢/gal over several years. 1999ProAlcool effectively over as last price controls end in Brazil US & Brazil’s Ethanol History

2000Brazilian industry contracts as it adjust to reality of market-based rules. 2003Good news!! Flex-fuel vehicles begin to be sold in Brazil and industry returns to growth 2005 U.S. replaces excise tax exemption into current Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC) at 51¢/gal. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) created mandating use of 7.5 BGY of ethanol by U.S. extends VEETC/tariff until end of 2008; MTBE phase out leads to boom in ethanol demand in US 2007 RFS expanded to reach 36 BGY by 2022, with 15 BGY for corn ethanol and 21 BGY for advanced renewable fuels. EPA only finalizes regulations by 2010 but volume mandates set in law. 2008U.S. extends tariff at 54¢/gal but reduces VEETC to 45¢/gal. Both to expire on Dec 31, With 90% of new cars sold as Flex, ethanol consumption surpasses that of gasoline in Brazil. 2011……stay tuned! US & Brazil’s Ethanol History 2000 to today

UNICA’s Mission & Priorities Company Overview Mission: To play a leading role in the consolidation of the Brazilian sugarcane industry as a modern agro-industrial complex equipped to compete sustainably, in Brazil and around the world, as suppliers of ethanol, sugar and bioelectricity. Priorities Consolidate ethanol as a globally traded commodity Promote demand of ethanol as a clean, renewable transport fuel Expand use of ethanol to other relevant sectors Foment large-scale production of bioelectricity for Brazil’s domestic market Assist member companies in becoming sustainability benchmarks Disseminate solid, credible scientific data about the competitiveness and sustainability of sugarcane ethanol

Stepping back: Ethanol 101 Ethanol is an alcohol fuel that’s distilled from plant materials, such as corn and sugar. E10 (10% gasoline/90% ethanol): can be used in any internal combustion engine, many oil companies already blend their fuels that way Methanol, mostly used in race cars, isn’t popular for other vehicles because it isn’t as clean and it also relies on fossil fuels E85(85% ethanol/15% gasoline): flex-fuel vehicles..Alcohol is about half as energy-dense as gasoline, so you can only go half as far on a tank Major Controversy: Sources used to produce it.

Sugarcane & Ethanol in Brazil DIVERSE ENERGY MATRIX Nearly half of Brazil’s energy comes from renewable sources. Sugarcane is the number one source of renewable energy in Brazil and supplies 18 percent of the country’s total energy consumption. Innovative Transportation Fleet: Flex fuel vehicles that can run on either gasoline or ethanol account for 90 percent of new car sales in Brazil. That means Brazilian consumers have a choice at the pump, and they’ve chosen to replace more than half the country’s gasoline needs with sugarcane ethanol. Source:

Sugarcane & Ethanol in Brazil Source: Impact on Brazil's Economy Sugarcane's contribution to economic growth and creating good jobs - by the numbers. Reduced Emissions Since 2003, Brazil's use of sugarcane ethanol has avoided 128 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. That's as good for the environment as planting and maintaining 916 million trees for 20 years! Commitment to Sustainability The Brazilian sugarcane industry is committed to sustainable development and good stewardship of the country's vast resources. Fair Pricing An innovative sugarcane payment system known as Consecana helps ensure good relationships between growers and millers.

Brazil’s Sugarcane Production In million Tons

UNICA’s Key Strategies As UNICA looks ahead Key Strategies Support best practices in the sugarcane industry, in a competitive, free market environment Promote the global expansion of ethanol production and use Encourage the continuous advancement of sustainability throughout the sugarcane industry Play a leading role in negotiations to eliminate trade-distorting barriers against sugar and ethanol Promote bioelectricity as a reliable alternative to fossil fuels Support research into new technologies and uses for ethanol, particularly biorefineries Become a global reference for solid, reliable analysis and data about the sugarcane industry.

Brazilian Government Involvement Government Support for Sugarcane Unica’s ethanol production has been supported by 3 government incentives: Guaranteed purchases by the state-owned oil company Petrobras Low-interest loans for agro-industrial ethanol firms Fixed gasoline and ethanol prices where hydrous ethanol sold for 59% of the government-set gasoline price at the pump. In recent years, the Brazilian untaxed retail price of ethanol has been lower than that of gasoline per gallon

Tarriff Removed but Challenges lie ahead US Trade Barriers Two years of bad weather and high sugar prices have left Brazil struggling to meet its own demands recently and many believe that even if Brazil’s low-carbon sugarcane ethanol can earn a premium price in the corn- dominated U.S. market, there just simply isn’t enough supply right now for an invasion of foreign ethanol. Previously a huge challenge… The US corn lobby in the US, Japan and the EU imposed significant tariffs on Brazilian ethanol which led to higher prices and lower profitability In particular, up until late 2011, a 54-cent import tariff on Brazilian ethanol

UNICA in the News Brazil’s Sugarcane Industry Faces Brownout on Cost Reuters, March 2, 2012 UNICA says Brazilian Government Financing Support for Ethanol is Not a Subsidy Biofuels Digest, March 2, 2012 Brazil Sugar-Cane Growers to Invest $3.4Billion to Renew Crops Bloomberg, March 9, 2012 Marcos Jank Resigns from Presidency at Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association March 27, 2012 Sugarcane crushing in South-Central Brazil Reaches million tons with Demand for Ethanol Stable in Early January Feb 1, 2012 EU Should Follow US Example and Remove Import Tariffs on Sugarcane Ethanol November 2, 2011 Discovery Channel Documentary includes Brazilian Sugarcane Ethanol Among “Energies of the Future” February 12, 2012

Questions for UNICA How has the leadership transition affected UNICA? With the removal of the tariff, how does that change the strategic vision of your organization? How are global energy sources changing and how will this affect Brazil’s sugarcane industry? How dependent are ethanol producers on Petrobras and other forms of government support? What other sectors is UNICA trying to push ethanol use into? What research does UNICA provide to aid the industry?