Better policing through better evidence From new professionalism to better remedies Peter Neyroud CBE QPM Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge And Molly Slothower, University of Maryland

Coming up The Old policing profession – the old evidence and its consequences From the Old, to the New Evidence. Myths. Legends Politics and Police Developing the New policing professionalism supported by science Turning Point and the community remedy

Coming up The Old policing profession From the Old, to the New Evidence. Myths. Legends Politics and Police Developing the New policing professionalism

O. W. Wilson 1900-1972 Rapid response Deterrent patrol Investigations Police science degrees ... the “Clinical Professor” Chief of Wichita and Chicago

O. W. Wilson 1900-1972 “the determination of the level of operational manpower to carry out police tasks..[is made by] (a) guesswork (b) comparison [to others] (c) a calculation of the number of men to be added to compensate for an increase in crime…” (Wilson and McLaren, 1976: 363) Chief of Wichita and Chicago

O. W. Wilson 1900-1972 “An impression of omni-presence is created by frequent and conspicuous patrol at every hour and in all sections of the community..” (Wilson and McLaren, 1976: 363) Chief of Wichita and Chicago

The 3 Rs of the ‘old’ professional era The end of the ‘old’ professional era The 3 Rs of the ‘old’ professional era Approach Random patrols Rapid response Reactive detection Objective To deter To prevent To reduce

Coming up The Old policing profession From the Old, to the New Evidence. Myths. Legends Politics and Police Developing the New policing professionalism

The end of the ‘old’ professional era Approach Random patrols Rapid response Reactive detection Objective To deter To prevent To reduce Research Outcome Not effective

The end of the ‘old’ professional era or Random Patrol

Community Policing Seeking mission beyond crime fighting The end of the ‘old’ professional era Community Policing Seeking mission beyond crime fighting Building upon Goldstein’s problem-solving model Majority of police activities were not related to crime

Intelligence-led Policing The end of the ‘old’ professional era Intelligence-led Policing

BIG DATA Crime Fighting Evidence Cops on the dots TACTICS CONFIDENT Compstat BIG DATA Evidence CONFIDENT Crime Fighting Cops on the dots TACTICS

Evidence-led Policing The end of the ‘old’ professional era Evidence-led Policing Place People Protection Persuasion Areas of high crime rates Most harmful and persistent Most vulnerable Legitimacy

Coming up The Old policing profession From the Old, to the New Evidence. Myths. Legends Politics and Police Developing the New policing professionalism

Is policing based on researched facts? 50 years of research. Is policing based on researched facts?

5 Popular Myths

Focus on hotspots = crime  1 Myth Fact Focus on hotspots = crime 

2 Myth Fact Targeting = Displacement Targeting = Diffusion

3 Myth Fact Formal Processing Court Prosecution = = Negative Impact Deterrent Formal Processing = Negative Impact

4 Myth Fact Community Policing Community Policing = = Crime Prevention Legitimacy

‘Traditional’ Policing 5 Myth Fact ‘Traditional’ Policing = Crime Reduction Science = Success

Why do myths matter?