THE AXIAL MUSCLES MARTINI, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION, CHAPTER 11 - Exercises # 14,15 Pages # 165,179

Competency 5: The Muscular System Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the gross and microscopic anatomy of muscles and their physiology by: Identifying the muscles of the axial region, and their actions. 4/15/2017

NOTE: THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS / QUIZZES. STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS 4/15/2017

Muscles of the pectoral girdle (anterior view) Muscles that move arms Muscles of head & neck Muscles of the pectoral girdle (anterior view) Muscles that move arms Muscles of the respiration Muscles of the abdomen Muscles of the pectoral girdle (posterior view) Muscles of the vertebral column 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

SCALP- FRONTALIS- TO RISE EYEBROWS HEAD & NECK SCALP- FRONTALIS- TO RISE EYEBROWS TO WRINKLE FOREHEAD OCCIPITALIS- TO TENSE &TO RETRACT THE SCALP EYE- ORBICULARIS OCCULI- TO CLOSE THE EYE 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

ZYGOMATICUS- MINOR (TOP) & MAYOR (BOTTOM) MOUTH- ZYGOMATICUS- MINOR (TOP) & MAYOR (BOTTOM) F- TO RETRACT & TO ELEVATE CORNER OF THE MOUTH (SEE MANDIBLE) RISORIUS- TO DRAW THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH TO THE SIDE DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS (TRIANGULARIS)- F- TO DEPRESS CORNER OF THE MOUTH ORBICULARIS ORIS- TO COMPRESS & TO PURSE THE LIPS MENTALIS- TO ELEVATE & TO PROTRUDE LOWER LIP BUCCINATOR- TO COMPRESS CHEEKS 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

MASTICATION- MASSETER- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE (SEE MANDIBLE) TEMPORALIS- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE PTERIGOID MEDIAL- TO ELEVATE MANDIBLE TO CLOSE THE JAW. (SEE MANDIBLE) PTERIGOID LATERAL- TO OPEN THE MOUTH & TO PROTRUDE THE MANDIBLE. (SEE MANDIBLE) 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

Axial Musculature Six Extrinsic Eye Muscles (Extra ocular) Inferior rectus Medial rectus Superior rectus Lateral rectus Inferior oblique Superior oblique

NECK PLATISMA- TO TENSE THE SKIN OF NECK & TO DEPRESS THE MANDIBLE STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID- TOGETHER- TO FLEX THE NECK ALONE- TO BEND THE HEAD TOWARD SHOULDER TO TURN FACE TO OPPOSITE SIDE 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

MUSCLES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE ANTERIOR VIEW SERRATUS ANTERIOR- TO PROTRACT SHOULDER & TO ROTATE THE SCAPULA (UPWARD ROTATION) PECTORALIS MINOR- TO DEPRESS & PROTRACT SCAPULA (SHOULDER) DELTOID- TO ABDUCT THE ARM PECTORALIS- MAJOR- TO FLEX & TO ADDUCT THE ARM & MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

DIAPHRAGM- MAJOR MUSCLE OF RESPIRATION EXPANDS THORACIC CAVITY TO CAUSE BREATHING IT SEPARATES THE THORACIC AND ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES INTERCOSTAL EXTERNAL- TO ELEVATE RIBS DURING INHALATION INTERCOSTAL INTERNAL- TO DEPRESS RIBS DURING FORCED EXHALATION 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

RECTUS ABDOMINIS- TO FLEX VERTEBRAL COLUMN TO DEPRESS RIBS ABDOMEN RECTUS ABDOMINIS- TO FLEX VERTEBRAL COLUMN TO DEPRESS RIBS EXTERNAL OBLIQUE- TO FLEX SPINE & TO COMPRESS ABDOMEN INTERNAL OBLIQUE- SAME AS ABOVE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS- TO COMPRESS ABDOMEN 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE: STABILIZES CENTRAL TENDON OF PERINEUM EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES URETHRA PELVIC DIAPHRAGM COCCYGEOUS: FLEXES COCCYGEAL JOINTS, TENSES & SUPPORTS PELVIC FLOOR LEVATOR ANI (from external to internal) ILEOCOCCYGEOUS: TENSES FLOOR OF PELVIS, FLEXES COCCYGEAL JOINTS, ELEVATES & RETRACTS ANUS PUBOCOCCYGEOUS: AS ABOVE SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL: STABILIZES CENTRAL TENDON OF PERINEUM EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER: CLOSES ANAL OPENING

MARTINI, Pg- 349

POSTERIOR VIEW PECTORAL GIRDLE TRAPEZIUS- TO ELEVATE, DEPRESS & RETRACT SCAPULA TO ROTATE SCAPULA UPWARD TO ELEVATE CLAVICLE & TO EXTEND THE NECK RHOMBOIDS- (MAJOR & MINOR) TO ADDUCT SCAPULA & DOWNWARD ROTATION MOVE ARM LATISSIMUS DORSI- TO EXTEND, TO ADDUCT MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER INFRASPINATUS- LATERAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER TERES MINOR- SAME AS ABOVE TERES MAJOR- TO EXTEND, ADDUCT & MEDIAL ROTATION OF SHOULDER SUPRASPINATUS- TO ABDUCT THE SHOULDER 4/15/2017

Infraspinatus 4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

ERECTOR SPINAE- TO EXTEND THE SPINE VERTEBRAL COLUMN ERECTOR SPINAE- TO EXTEND THE SPINE SPLENIUS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK ALONE- TO ROTATE & FLEX THE NECK SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS- TOGETHER TO EXTEND THE NECK ALONE- TO EXTEND & FLEX THE NECK 4/15/2017

4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

Infraspinatus 4/15/2017 ALFONSO A. PINO. MD.

REMEMBER! GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS ROOM 3326 4/15/2017