Trapezius: Upper, Middle, and Lower fibers

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments: Proximal: Superior nuchal line on occipital bone (posterior skull) + C1-T12 vertebrae (spinous process) Distal: Upper: lateral clavicle Middle: acromion + spine of scapula Lower: base (medial end) of spine of scapula Action: (scapular motion) U: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), elevate M: ADduct (retract) L: UPWARD rotate, ADduct (retract), depress PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Cervical nerves + cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) Spinal segments: C1,2,3,4,5

Levator scapulae

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments: Proximal: upper cervical vertebrae (transverse process of C1-C4) Distal: medial boarder of scapula, superior to spine Action: (scapular motion) Elevate, downward rotate PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Cervical nerves: 3,4 + dorsal scapular nerve: C5 Spinal segments: C3,4,5

Rhomboid minor

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments: Proximal: lower cervical vertebrae (spinous process of C7-T1) Distal: medial border of scapula, at base of spine Action: (scapular motion) Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Dorsal scapular nerve: C5 Spinal segment: C5

Rhomboid major

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular Attachments: Proximal: upper thoracic vertebrae (spinous process of T2-T5) Distal: medial border of scapula, inferior to spine Action: (scapular motion) Elevate, ADduct (retract), downward rotate PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin Dorsal scapular nerve: C5 Spinal segment: C5

Serratus anterior

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments: Proximal: lateral surface of ribs 1-8 Distal: medial border of scapula, entire length, on COASTAL surface Actions: (scapular motion) UPWARD rotate, ABduct (protract) – prevents winging PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Long thoracic nerve: C5,6,7 Spinal segments: C5,6,7

Pectoralis minor

Axio-Scapular/ Axio-Clavicular group Attachments: Proximal: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 Distal: coracoid process of scapula Actions: (scapular motion) ABduct (protract), downward rotate, depress PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Lateral + medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1 Spinal segments: C7,C8

Pectoralis major: Clavicular head (upper fibers) Sternal head (lower fibers)

Axio- Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: Clavicular head (CL) – medial clavicle sternal head (ST) – sternum (manubrium and body of sternum, plus the adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 2-6) Distal: All fibers to LATERAL lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus (crest of the greater tubercle) Actions: CL head: flex, ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral joint ST head: extend (from 180), ADduct, IR, H. AD the gleno-humeral joint ELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands) (ALSO: protract + depress shoulder girdle) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: CL head = LATERAL pectoral nerve: C5,6,7 ST head = Lateral + Medial pectoral nerves: C5,6,7 + C8, T1 Spinal segments: CL head: C5,6,7 ST head: C6,7,8, T1

Latissimus dorsi

Axio-Humeral group PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Attachments: Proximal: Vertebral column from T7 to sacrum + iliac crest (T7-T12 is directly from spinous process of vert., while L+S levels and iliac crest are via thoraco-lumbar fascia) Also, (small attachment to inferior tip of scapula) Distal: FLOOR of intertubercular groove of humerus Actions: Extend, ADduct, IR, H. AB at gleno-humeral joint ELEVATE TRUNK in closed kinematic chain with humerus stabilized (weight bearing on hands) (ALSO: retract + depress shoulder girdle, and downward rotate scapula via small attachment to inferior tip of scapula) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Thoracodorsal nerve: C6,7,8 Spinal segments: C6,7,8

Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “S---” of “SITS” Supraspinatus Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “S---” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: supraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, UPPER facet Actions: ABduct at gleno-humeral joint (does NOT rotate) Also; supports head of humerus in glenoid fossa PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Suprascapular nerve: C5,6 Spinal segment: C5

Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “-I--” of “SITS” Infraspinatus Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “-I--” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: infraspinous fossa of scapula Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, MIDDLE facet Actions: External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (compress + stabilize the GH jt) PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Suprascapular nerve: C5,6 Spinal segments: C5,6

Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- -T-” of “SITS” Teres minor Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- -T-” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at mid-length Distal: greater tubercle of humerus, LOWER facet Actions: External rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also; depress head of humerus (Compress + stabilize the GH jt). PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin: Axillary nerve: C5,6 Spinal segments: C5,6

Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- - - S” of “SITS” Subscapularis Muscle of the ROTATOR CUFF “- - - S” of “SITS”

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: subscapular fossa of scapula Distal: lesser tubercle of humerus Actions: Internal rotation of gleno-humeral joint. Also, depress head of humerus PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Upper + lower subscapular nerves: C5,6 Spinal segments: C5,6

Deltoid: Anterior, Middle, and Posterior fibers

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: Anterior: lateral clavicle Middle: acromion process of scapula Posterior: spine of scapula Distal: ALL to deltoid tuberosity of humerus (Compare this to gluteus medius arrangement, especially the actions) Actions: A: ABduct, flex, IR and H. AD at GH jt M: ABduct GH jt P: ABduct, extend, ER, and H. AB at GH jt PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Axillary nerve: C5,6 Spinal segments: C5,6

Teres major

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: lateral boarder of scapula at inferior angle Distal: MEDIAL lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (crest of lesser tubercle) Actions: Extend, ADduct, IR at GH jt PERIPHERAL NERVE+ spinal cord level of origin: Lower subscapular nerve: C5,6 Spinal segment: C6

Coracobrachialis

Scapulo-Humeral group Attachments: Proximal: coracoid process of scapula Distal: mid-humerus, medial side Actions: Flex, ADduct at GH jt PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7 Spinal segments: C6,7

Biceps brachii: Long head, Short head

Scapulo-Forearm group Attachments: Proximal: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: coracoid process of scapula Distal: BOTH heads; radial tuberosity + bicipital aponeurosis Actions: Both heads: flex GH jt + flex elbow, supinate forearm PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7 Spinal segments: C5,6

Triceps brachii: Long head, Lateral head, and Medial head (deep)

Scapulo-Forearm group Attachments: Proximal: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head: posterior humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head (deep): posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove Distal: ALL 3 heads; olecranon process of ulna Actions: Long head: extend GH joint ALL 3 HEADS: extend elbow joint PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,C8

Anconeus

Scapulo-Forearm group Attachments: Proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus Distal: olecranon process of ulna Actions: Extend elbow joint PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C7,C8

Brachialis

Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow Attachments: Proximal: anterior distal shaft of humerus Distal: anterior proximal shaft of ulna (ulnar tuberosity) Actions: Flex elbow PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Musculocutaneous nerve: C5,6,7 Spinal segments: C5,6

Brachioradialis

Elbow: muscles of the brachium acting at the elbow Attachments: Proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Distal: styloid process of distal radius Actions: Flex elbow PERIPHERAL NERVE + spinal cord level of origin: Radial nerve: C5-T1 Spinal segments: C5,6