The Necessity for LVDC Power in Home Entertainment Michael Stelts, IEC TC100 1 1

Agenda Home entertainment runs on DC power IEC work on LVDC Panasonic’s perspective

Multimedia Products Run on DC External AC/DC converter (AC adapters) Internal AC/DC converter Internal/External AC/DC converter with Battery

DC Power for Products Saves Energy Grid Distribution Equipment Equipment ＡＣ Utility ＡＣ１2０Ｖ AC wiring Low ＤＣ P.S. ３0％ Loss Equipment ＤＣ ＡＣ DC wiring Utility ＡＣ１2０Ｖ efficient converter 8% Loss Low ＤＣ Ps converter 2% Loss AC adaptors for each product are eliminated Conversion loss is decreased by batch feeding DC power

Small Efficiency Improvements Matter 115M US households (Census Bureau estimate) 8hr/day US household viewing (OECD, 2005) 180W 40” LCD (Sony, 2011) Roughly 166 GW·hr/day consumed by US TVs. If DC distribution saves 8%, that’s 13 GW·hr/day. Nearest power utility to meeting: Potomac River Station Nameplate capacity = 514MW Output/day = 12.3GW·hr/day Energy savings > plant output http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/TVA_2009-for-Wire.pdf http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/consumer/u-s-homes-add-even-more-tv-sets-in-2010/

Power Generation is Migrating to DC Renewable energy systems Solar power Fuel cells Reserve Power Home battery storage PEV storage Household generation uses DC Household products use DC

DC Sources Create Greater Efficiency Now: Many AC/DC converters Energy Generators AV Equipment DC⇒AC AC ⇒DC DC ⇒AC AC ⇒DC AC ⇒DC Battery AC ⇒DC AC ⇒DC AC ⇒DC Goal: Direct DC distribution Energy Generators AV Equipment AC ⇒DC Battery DC AC

LVDC for Entertainment Systems Upper limit = 60V to eliminate shock hazard* Lower limit = 24V for SSL lighting** High voltage needed for longer wire runs Example home entertainment system 1.6A @120VAC 4.5A @48VDC 9.0A @24VDC 43A @5VDC 42” LCD:188W DVD:28W (energy saving efficiency catalogue, METI, Japan) *IEC 60065, **EMerge Alliance specification

Home entertainment running at 48V, 4.5A 48VDC is the Sweet Spot Avoids shock hazards Maximize length of wiring runs Easily create 2 x 24V busses Home entertainment running at 48V, 4.5A 42” LCD:188W DVD:28W (energy saving efficiency catalogue, METI, Japan)

DC Distribution Infrastructure Infrastructure for low power equipment AV equipment PV DC Distribution with high-efficiency AC/DC converter Voltage：48V or less DC Outlet Battery other equipment Infrastructure for high power equipment Voltage：300V-400V White goods, etc. AC Infrastructure (existing)

More LVDC Benefits Opportunity for common worldwide standard Products can be smaller AC adaptors can be eliminated Improved safety – no shock hazard Smaller carbon footprint

Home Entertainment Summary Home entertainment runs on DC power Standardization creates great benefits One plug worldwide One common input voltage Reduced shock hazard Small efficiency improvements are significant, due to the number of entertainment products Efficiency significantly reduces carbon footprint Eliminates wall warts and the waste they create

IEC Work on LVDC

IEC TC100 – Scope and Standards Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment Professional Consumer IEC 61016 (D1) IEC 61189 (D2) IEC 62071 (D7) IEC 62141 (D16) IEC 62289 (D10) IEC 62336 (D11) IEC 62330 (HD-D5) IEC 62447 (D12) IEC 62261 (TV Metadata) IEC 61909 (MD) IEC 60908 (CD) IEC 61606 series (Audio measurement) IEC 61606-4 (PC audio) IEC 61966 series (Color management) IEC 61834 series (DV format) IEC 62318, 62328 (Multimedia Home server) IEC 62227 (DRM) IEC 61603 (IR) IEC 60107 series (TV) IEC 62229 IEC 62448 (e-Book) IEC 60268 series (Audio System) IEC 60268-5 (Loudspeaker) IEC 62360 (ISDB) IEC 62216 (DVB) IEC 62002 (DVB-H) IEC 60728 series (Cable system) IEC 60315 series (Radio) IEC 62389 (DVD player measurement) IEC 60958, 61937 (Digital Audio I/F) IEC 61883 (Digital AV I/F)

LVDC System (in the IEC System) Wiring (TC23) Battery (TC21) Fuel Cells (TC105) Appliances (TC59) Lighting (TC34) PV (TC82) EV (TC69)

IEC Addressing LVDC Today SG4 is responsible for LVDC strategy TC100 is responsible for LVDC in multimedia equipment Standardization Management Board Technical Committees Strategy Groups TC100 AV & multimedia SG4 LVDC TC69 Electrical Installation TC59 white goods TC23 Electrical accessories

Collaboration between TC100 & TC59 IEC TC100 Task Group (TG) for SG4 + TC59 Ad hoc group (AHG) for SG4 = Collaboration on contributions to SG4 SMB TC SG TC100 (AV equipment) SG1 TG for SG4 SG2 Collaboration SG3 Contribute to SG4 SG4 (LVDC) TC59 (White Goods) SG5 AHG for SG4

AC Adapter Standardization in IEC TC100 PT 62700 is developing an LVDC power supply standard Scope Unify AC/DC adapter for Laptop PC by defining DC voltage and its connector shape. Benefits Fewer AC adaptors is good for the environment Reduce product cost by reusing adapters Simplifies sales and inventory PT 62700 is important work; but, it also demonstrates a need for the long-term solution – LVDC

Difficulties in Standardizing AC Adaptors AC adaptors are designed for specific products, creating an extra layer of complexity Matching in-rush current of product to adaptor IEC 60950-1 may be insufficient for leakage current AC adapter temperature EMC fluctuations as load changes Harmonizing safety standards Some manufacturers used the same AC adaptor on products for years, slightly reducing the benefit By standardizing LVDC, everyone can design their products to one common power source

IEC is an Ideal LVDC Standards Venue Experts in every area (Technical Committees) Opportunity for a common worldwide standard Common safety practices Fewer connectors Fewer voltages One frequency １３ 16 １６ 10 15 Domestic Current 60 ５０ ６０ 50 Domestic Frequency ＵＫ Ｉｔａｌｙ Ｇｅｒｍａｎｙ ２３０Ｖ ２２０Ｖ １２０Ｖ １００Ｖ Domestic Voltage Ｊａｐａｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ Domestic AC socket Ｆｒａｎｃｅ ＵＳＡ Country

LVDC Perspective

Panasonic Corporation in brief Net Sales: $100B (approx.) Business Segments Digital AV & Networks Home Appliance Components and Devices Panasonic Electric Works (PEW) PanaHome SANYO

LVDC is for more than TVs AC infrastructure Heater Grid AC Cooker DC low-power infrastructure Solar System Electric Works Distributor ＬＥＤ Fan PC Electric Works TV Electric Works BD Wire TEL Fuel cell System DC high-power infrastructure Electric Works Battery Air Conditioner Refrigerator

UC San Diego

Kasai Green Energy Park

Green Energy Park LVDC Project DC power distribution directly from PV to PC and LED Proving test in Kasai, West Japan

Eco ideas House, Tokyo

Eco Ideas House LVDC Project AC/DC hybrid wiring system Reducing losses cause by AC/DC conversions eco ideas HOUSE in Tokyo

Panasonic Approach to LVDC LVDC is not just for home entertainment… it is needed throughout the home. Panasonic is considering LVDC for all these businesses: AV equipment Home appliance Lighting PV Battery Electrical distribution and wiring Home construction

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