Chapter 2 Section 1

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR   French attacked Fort Necessity and captured George Washington

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR   French attacked Fort Necessity and captured George Washington  Spread to Europe  Edward Braddock was sent to command British Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting)  casualties

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR   French attacked Fort Necessity and captured George Washington  Spread to Europe  Edward Braddock was sent to command British Forces (didn’t understand frontier fighting)  casualties  1759 Quebec was captured by British commander James Wolfe

What was the main cause of the of the French Indian War

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION  1754  Benjamin Franklin  Place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government  The first important plan to conceive of the colonies as a collective whole united under one government  Colonies would unite (- Georgia)  Based on Iroquois League  Rejected

THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763  Fighting would continue, disrupt trade, more money on defense  Law banned British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.  Ordered colonists in the upper Ohio River Valley to remove themselves  Many colonists ignored new law

BRITISH FINANCIAL PROBLEMS  Paying for the cost of governing and defending the colonies  Cost of the French and Indian War  Prime Minister George Grenville turned to the colonies  Raised new taxes  Enforce old duties on imports

SUGAR ACT  1764  Act actually cut the duty in half  New rules  Ships would be seized  British Navy would patrol American coast  Smuggling cases would be tried in British courts (judge received 5% commission on illegal cargoes)

STAMP ACT  March 1765  Tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, and most printed materials  First time British government taxed colonist with clear purpose of raising money  Stamp Act Congress met and wrote petitions and letters to the King and Parliament

QUARTERING ACT  1765  Colonies had to provide housing and supplies for British Troops that remained after war

STAMP ACT REPEALED  Repealed in 1766  Delegates from 9 colonies met in New York  Benjamin Franklin spoke before parliament  Declaratory Act- stated Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies

TOWNSHEND ACTS  1767  Tax on glass, tea, lead, paint, paper  Writs of assistance (forms that allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods) were used to enforce the Townshend acts  Boycott used during Stamp Act was renewed

BOSTON MASSACRE  March 5, 1770  Sons of Liberty opposed British troops  Soldiers opened fire on crowd  Five dead  British officers and eight soldiers were arrested  Seven were found not guilty  Two found guilty of lesser crimes

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Why the Colonies Grow Discontented 1. Proclamation of George Grenville – prime minister and 1 st Lord of minister and 1 st Lord of Treasury Treasury Customs Duties – taxes Customs Duties – taxes on imports and exports on imports and exports Admiralty Courts – courts Admiralty Courts – courts outside of colonies used to outside of colonies used to try defiant colonists try defiant colonists 3. Regulatory Acts- Acts imposed by the British to imposed by the British to keep the colonies in check keep the colonies in check  Regulatory Acts - Sugar Act “no taxation w/o representation” – James Otis representation” – James Otis - Currency Act – banned paper $ - Stamp Act – required stamps to be placed on printed to be placed on printed material material - Quartering Act - Declaratory Act - Townshend Acts - Tea Act

 Why did the British begin to impose so many taxes on the colonies?  How was the Stamp Act different from other taxes imposed by the British?

How the Colonists Respond  Sons of Liberty – Protest group formed by Isaac Sears aimed at defending American Liberties (Sam Adams)  Declaration of Rights and Grievances – argued that only the colonists’ political representatives had the right to tax colonists – petitioned to the king (Virginia Resolves)  Nonimportation Agreement – Boycott of British Goods

Response continued…  Daughters of Liberty – women protest group who began weaving own cloth  Boston Massacre - March 5, Group of British soldiers under the command of Thomas Preston open fire on crowd of protesters killing 5 and wounding 6

Success of Colonial Protests 1.Stamp Act repealed in 1766 due to nonimportation agreements 2. Townshend Acts repealed except tax on tea – uphold right to tax colonies – after Boston Massacre

 Why do you think the British were so willing to pass new taxes in the face of colonial opposition?

How did the colonists fight the Stamp Act and what was the results