A Geospatial Approach to Urbanisation in India: The Unexplored Role of National Urban Information System Dr. Mahavir 1 Prabh Bedi 2 1 Professor of Planning, Head, Department of Environmental Planning 2 Research Scholar, Department of Physical Planning School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, INDIA Geospatial Word Forum Rotterdam May 15, 2013

2 Outline Urbanisation trends in India and World Rapid urbanisation – causes and future Urban planning trends Policy, initiatives for improvement of urban planning approaches –74 th Constitutional Amendment Act –National Commission on Urbanisation –Spatial Decision Infrastructure/Spatial Information Infrastructure –National Urban Information System Geospatial approach to urbanisation National Urban Information System – unexplored role © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Fast Urbanising World Source: © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Urbanisation Trends in India © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi 4 Source: Urban India 2011: Evidence, IIHS (2011) Increase in no. of Million + cities

Urbanisation Trends in India 5 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi By % of India’s population will be living in urban areas Source: Created from data accessed at accesses on 05 May 2013

Rapid Urbanisation - Causes Independence – population influx –Cross border (late 1940s) –Rural to urban Liberalisation (1990s) –1991 – 25.7% to 2001 – 27.8% to 2011 – 31.1% IT industry boom (1990s) 11th National Five Year Plan [ ] (focus on urbanisation for economic development) –2001 – 27.8% to 2011 – 31.1% 6 Urbanisation in India is an organic phenomenon and not a planned activity geopolis.eu/spip.php?article78 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Urban Future – India & World 7 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi Urban Population Percent Source: Created from data accessed at accesses on 05 May ,935 towns and cities (2011 Census) growing and increasing Only 1,800 master plans

Urban Planning Trends Master Plan approach based planning –Attempt to bring order to organic growth –No land use plan in many cases City Development Plan (CDP) Lack of regional perspective in urban planning Urbanisation (planned) not same as urban planning Market economy driven planning 8 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Master Plans and CDPs 9 Master Plan –Statutory document –Prepared by professionally qualified planner –as per UDPFI/ ITPI –20-25 years vision –Spatial approach to planned development –‘GIS Mapping’ not mandatory, done as per the discretion of the planners involved City Development Plan –Non-Statutory document –No professionalism expected –Not as per UDPFI/ ITPI –No plan-period specified –Non-spatial approach to development –`GIS Mapping’ of slums and squatter settlements being thought about © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

10 Government Initiatives – policy level 74 th Constitutional Amendment –Planning powers to municipal authorities National Commission on Urbanisation –Special regional characteristics of urban growth –Spatial eco-tones of urbanisation –Spatial perspective to pattern of urban settlements at National scale –Location of urban settlements by size and function in regional/ sub- regional context –Necessity of delineating planning regions at National and State levels –329 GEMs and 49 SPURs JnNURM - RAY © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

National Commission on Urbanisation © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

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SDI/SII at National Level Cross sectoral –NSDI National infrastructure for the availability and access to organised spatial data Use of infrastructure at community, local, state, regional and national levels for sustained economic growth NUIS is a component of NSDI –National GIS GOVERNANCE by embedding GIS in all aspects of planning and development at national/ state/local levels bringing transparency and geo-spatial information support in decision- making enable a sound process of monitoring development and identifying “gaps in development” make GIS data available at all levels – that helps bringing accountability and responsibility in governance 13 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Sector specific - urban –National Urban Information Systems (NUIS) part of NSDI One point source of spatial and attribute database for all urban centers For preparation of Master plans, detailed town planning schemes and Serve as decision support for e-governance To enable planning, management and de-centralized governance in the context of implementation of the 74 th Constitutional Amendment Act 14 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi SDI/SII at National Level

National Urban Information System (NUIS) National level GIS database for all urban centers Two components –Urban Spatial Information System (spatial component) –National Urban Data Bank & Indicators (non- spatial component) Based on integrated two-way top-down and bottom-up approach Size of urban area and application based scale variation 15 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi One of its kind information system in the world

16 Geospatial Approach to Urbanisation Spatial synchronization of towns and cities of various government sponsored schemes and missions like, JnNURM 1, and other as MGNAREGA 2, NULM 3, DMIC 4, SEZs 5 under NUIS 6 Graduate form a cosmetic `GIS Mapping’ approach to a comprehensive geospatial analysis and solution approach. 1 Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission, a central government initiative 2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act 3 National Urban Livelihoods Mission 4 Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor 5 Special Economic Zones 6 National Urban Information System © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Geospatial decision-making Using NUIS and National Urbanisation Policy for planned urbanisation Using NSDI/National GIS and National Land Use Policy as an input for decision-making for planned urbanisation 17 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

NUIS - unexplored role NUIS’ vertical linkage with NSDI NUIS’ horizontal linkage with immediate surroundings NUIS’ focus on existing cities. New /potential towns need to be included over time NUIS’ link with CDPs missing 18 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi

Thank You! 19 © Dr. Mahavir and Prabh Bedi Contactable at – Dr. Mahavir – Prabh Bedi –