EATING OUTDOORS AND OUTDOOR PICNIC FURNITURE ERGONOMICS & ANTHROPOMETRICS MECHANISMS AND TRANSPORT ICT – CAD/CAM – CNC - CIM COSTS, PARTS & COMPONENTS DURABILITY SUITABILITY & DESIGN REQUIREMENTS SOCIAL & MORAL CONSIDERATIONS MATERIALS & FINISHES CONSTRUCTION FIXINGS MATERIAL PROCESSES QUANTITY PRODUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY SMART MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES THIS IS THE CONTEXT OF SOME QUESTIONS FOR SECTION A. MAKE A STUDY OF OUTDOOR PICNIC FURNITURE AT HOME OR LOCAL PICNIC/RECREATIONAL AREAS. YOU MUST TAKE COLOURED PENCILS IN TO THE EXAM.

QUALITY MATERIALS = QUALITY PRODUCTS. STUDY THE PICNIC TABLES, CHAIRS & FOOD STORAGE CONTAINERS YOU HAVE AT HOME. LOOK AT THE EXAMPLES ON THE BACK OF YOUR PREP SHEET HIGHLIGHT THE MATERIALS, PROCESSES AND PROPERTIES THAT MAKE IT SAFE FOR OUTDOOR EATING. PROPERTIES FOODSTUFF COMPATIBLE !! GOOD AVAILABILITY !! VARIETY OF COLOURS !! QUALITY FINISHES !! HIGH IMPACT STRENGTH !! EASY TO CLEAN !! RESISTS CORROSION !! LOW IN COSTS !! QUALITY MATERIALS = QUALITY PRODUCTS.

HARDWOOD VERSUS SOFTWOOD DOUGLAS FIR (COLUMBIAN PINE) – REDDISH BROWN. KNOT FREE STRAIGHT GRAIN. OUTSIDE CONSTRUCTION WORK. WESTERN RED CEDAR – DARK REDDISH BROWN. KNOTT FREE WITH SILKY GRAIN. WEAK AND EXPENSIVE. OUTDOOR USE FOR CLADDING TEAK – GOLDEN BROWN. HARD, STRONG AND DURABLE. VERY ATTRACTIVE GRAIN – USED FOR HIGH CLASS FURNITURE BEECH – PINKISH BROWN WITH FLECKS IN GRAIN. HARD, TOUGH AND STRONG. POLISHES WELL. MOST USED FOR CHAIRS AND FLOORS. OAK – LIGHT TO DARK BROWN WITH SILVER GRAIN. STRONG, DURABLE WITH LITTLE SHRINKAGE – BOAT BUILDING – NATURAL RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE AND HIGH CLASS FURNITURE. MAHOGANY – REDDISH BROWN. PLENTIFUL SUPPLY, EASY TO WORK WITH AND GOOD FINISH ELM – LIGHT REDDISH BROWN. TOUGH, ELASTIC AND DURABLE. USED FOR TURNING AND CONSTRUCTION WORK

PROPERTIES HARDWOODS. SOFTWOODS. CONIFEROUS TREES GROW IN COLDER TEMPERATURES KEEP THEIR LEAVES ALL YEAR ROUND GROW QUICKLY - 30 YEARS LESS EXPENSIVE – READILY AVAILABLE GOOD CONSTRUCTIONAL TIMBER AND GENERAL WOODWORKING PROJECTS BROADLEAF OR DECIDUOUS TREES GROW IN WARM TEMPERATURES LOSE THEIR LEAVES IN WINTER GROW SLOWLY – 100YEARS MORE EXPENSIVE BETTER GRAIN STRUCTURE FOR IMPROVED QUALITY FINISH

FERROUS VERSUS NON-FERROUS CAST IRON – GREYISH WHITE. HARD SKIN WITH BRITTLE CORE. CANNOT BE BENT. HEAVY MACHINES OR VICES MILD STEEL – LIGHT GREY. ALLOY OF IRON & CARBON. TOUGH AND DUCTILE. EASILY WORKED OR JOINED. NAILS, SCREWS AND GIRDERS STAINLESS STEEL – HARD AND TOUGH, RESISTS WEAR, CORROSION RESISTANT. DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH BUT IDEAL FOR LINKAGES AND FOLDING MECHANISMS ALUMINIUM – SILVERY GREY. HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO. DIFFICULT TO JOIN. WINDOW FRAMES. EXCELLENT FOR EXTRUSION. TIN PLATE – GREY SHEET. SOFT AND WEAK, BENDS WITH STEEL CORE. TIN CANS ETC. BRASS – LIGHT GOLD. ALLOY OF COPPER AND ZINC. WORK HARDENS EASY. ORNAMENTAL. TASK - Find out about EXTRUSION

PROPERTIES NON-FERROUS FERROUS CONTAINS NO IRON LESS VULNERABLE TO CORROSION – RUST MAINLY PURE METALS CAN BE MIXED WITH ONE ANOTHER TO OBTAIN REQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS. ALL ARE GENERALLY EASY TO WORK WITH CONTAINS IRON VULNERABLE TO CORROSION – RUST MIXED WITH CARBON TO OBTAIN ALLOY STEELS OF VARYING STRENGTHS ONLY MILD STEEL IS EASY TO WORK WITH COMMON TO BOTH ELASTICITY PLASTICITY MALLEABILITY DUCTILITY HARDNESS TOUGHNESS

DESCRIPTIONS DUCTILITY – THE ABILITY TO UNDERGO COLD PLASTIC DEFORMATION ELASTICITY – THE ABILITY TO FLEX AND BEND WHEN FORCED. COMMON TO BOTH ELASTICITY PLASTICITY MALLEABILITY DUCTILITY HARDNESS TOUGHNESS PLASTICITY – ABILITY TO BE CHANGED PERMANENTLY THROUGH EXTERNAL BLOWS HARDNESS – THE ABILITY TO RESIST WEAR AND ABRASION – USUALLY BRITTLE MALLEABILITY – THE EXTENT TO WHICH A MATERIAL CAN PERMANENTLY DEFORM IN ALL DIRECTIONS WITHOUT CRACKING TOUGHNESS – THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND SUDDEN SHOCKS OR IMPACT. RESISTS CRACKING WHEN BENDING

THERMOSETTING VERSUS THERMO UREA FORMALDEHYDE – STIFF, HARD, STRONG AND BRITTLE. RESISTS HEAT AND RANGE OF COLOURS. ELECTRICAL FITTINGS MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE – STIFF, HARD, STRONG, SCRATCH RESISTANT. RANGE OF COLOURS. TABLE WARE AND LAMINATES. POLYESTER RESIN – STIFF, HARD AND BRITTLE. ELECTRIC RESISTANCE. CASTING, GRP, CAR BODIES ETC. EPOXY RESIN – HIGH STRENGTH RESISTANCE TO WEARING. ADHESIVE, SURFACE COATING, PCB COMPONENTS ETC. POLYTHENE – LOW AND HIGH DENSITY. FLEXIBLE. RANGE OF COLOURS. FOOD CONTAINERS, CASINGS PLATES AND CUPS ETC. HDPE – STIIF AND HARD, MAINTAINS RIGIDITY IN HIGH SUNLIGHT. STERILE FOR FOODSTUFFS – CUTLERY ETC. TOUGHENED POLYSTYRENE – LIGHTWEIGHT, STIFF, WATER RESISTANT, FOOD SAFE, GOOD INSULATOR ACRYLIC – STIFF, HARD AND DURABLE. VARIETY OF COLOURS, CASINGS AND GARDEN FURNITURE. Investigate what material could be used to make a food container?

PROPERTIES THERMOSETTING THERMO LONG CHAIN MOLECULES THAT ARE ENTANGLED BUT FLEXIBLE CAN BE RE-SHAPED WITH LITTLE HEAT VARIETY OF COLOURS PLASTIC MEMORY THAT ALLOWS THEM TO RETURN TO ORIGINAL SHAPE LONG CHAIN MOLECULES THAT ARE CHEMICALLY BONDED TOGETHER RIGID AND NON FLEXIBLE HIGH RESISTANCE TO HEAT GOOD ELECTRICAL INSULATORS Task – What would be the social and environmental impact of leaving litter after a picnic?