Final Safety Checks JSHA, Pre Job Plan, Lift Plan, Permits, Etc. Initial Planning – Office or Control Room, Planner to the Field The Layered Approach to Hazard Recognition First Second Third

The Layered Approach to Hazard Recognition PRESENTED BY David F. Coble, MS, CSP President Coble, Taylor & Jones Safety Associates Cary, North Carolina

David F. Coble, MS, CSP President, CTJ Safety Associates 39 years of safety and health experience (12 years with NC OSHA, 26 years in consulting); Managed NC VPP Program Master’s Degree in Safety Management from Univ. of Arizona Visited nearly 3000 facilities in North America, Europe and Asia to identify and suggest controls for hazards Vice Chair of ANSI B11.19; and Administrator of ASSE Manufacturing Specialty

Goals Discuss the Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition Describe the Layered Approach to Hazard Recognition Practice Several Hazard Recognition Techniques Useful in the Layered Approach

Warm Up Hazard Recognition Exercise

What could have been done to help this employee uncover the hazards that you have just identified?

Methods to Have Identified These Hazards Job Hazard Analysis Pre Job Briefing Work Permit or Hot Work Permit Demolition Planning [ (a)] PPE Hazard Assessment [ (d)] Equipment Inspections for Ladders, Tools, Welding Equipment

Definition of “Hazard” From the new ANSI/ASSE Z590.3 – 2011 Paragraph 3.6 “The potential for harm.” Which is “risk”…

How Does One Determine Risk – Acceptable or Not?

There are standards such as ANSI B11.TR3; RIA and ISO There are quantitative techniques to determine risk…

How Does One Determine Risk – Acceptable or Not? But what about in the field on the spot…

How Does One Determine Risk – Acceptable or Not? Would I let my adult child perform this job?

How Does One Determine Risk – Acceptable or Not? Would I let my adult child perform this job? Can I sleep at night knowing what my employees are doing? Or…

Risk – Acceptable or Not? If someone is injured, would anything be changed? If not, then the situation is an acceptable risk. If something would be changed after an injury, then change it now before someone is injured.

Three Opportunities to Recognize Hazards Planning – Before Exposure Auditing – During Exposure Analyses and Critiques – Post Exposure

When is the Best Time to Recognize Hazards?

When is best? Before We Start the Task Initial Planning Formal Hazard Recognition Final Safety Checks

Final Safety Checks JSHA, Pre Job Plan, Lift Plan, Permit, Etc. Initial Planning – Office or Control Room, Planner to the Field Hazard Recognition is a Multi- Layered Approach First Second Third Before Exposure to the Hazard

Final Safety Checks JHA, Pre Job Plan, Lift Plan, Permit, Etc. Initial Planning – Office or Control Room, Planner to the Field Hazard Recognition is a Multi- Layered Approach First Second Third Before Exposure to the Hazard

Examples of Formal Pre-Exposure Techniques – First and Second Layers OSHA Required PPE Hazard Assessment [ (d)] Lift Plan Job Hazard Analysis Pre Job Briefing [ (c)] Management of Change Permitting Risk Assessment

That’s all good, but it’s not enough…

Final Safety Checks JHA, Pre Job Plan, Lift Plan, Permit, Etc. Initial Planning – Office or Control Room, Planner to the Field Hazard Recognition is a Multi- Layered Approach First Second Third Before Exposure to the Hazard

Why The Third Level? Final Safety Checks Conditions may change – pinch points, tripping hazards, impaling hazards, blocked exits and emergency equipment, etc. New people get involved The weather can change Hazards may have been overlooked during the first two levels

Fundamentals of Hazard Recognition

Hazard recognition is a management and employee responsibility Hazard recognition is a key element of “Doing the Job Right” Accidents are caused by both unsafe actions and unsafe conditions

Most Common Unsafe Conditions Inadequate Guards and Devices Poor Housekeeping Projection and Impaling Hazards Congestion and Close Clearances Hazardous Atmospheres Hazardous Personal Attire (Hair, Jewelry, Clothes) Inadequate Fall Protection Improper Placement and Storage Poor Illumination and Loud Noise Unidentified Chemicals

Most Common Unsafe Actions Operating Equipment Without Authority Failure to Make Secure Operating at an Unsafe Speed Overriding Safety Devices Using Defective Tools and Equipment Taking an Unsafe Position Horseplay Being in the Line of Fire Not Keeping Eyes on the Task Taking Shortcuts Failure to Warn or Signal

The Third Layer Most of these actions and conditions point to the need for the third layer of hazard recognition -- The Final Safety Checks

Final Safety Checks – Third Layer Last Minute Safety Check The Ten Second Drill Out of View Observations Look for Differences and Clues Pre Use Equipment and Tool Inspections

If you don’t like any of these other techniques, please consider… What If??

Last Minute Safety Check Every job, every task, every operation must be planned and rechecked One simple field technique is a short multi-step process based on the following 4 questions: 1.What am I about to do? 2.What do I need to do this job and how will I do it? 3.How could I or someone else get hurt? 4.What am I going to do to prevent injury?

Numerous Names for This Technique SCAN – Survey, Consider, Analyze, Notify (ExxonMobil) Dr. Pepper -- 10, 2 and 4 (ConocoPhillips) First Things First – Hazardous Energy Controlled, PPE, Housekeeping, Emergency Preparedness 10 Foot Circle – Weyerhaeuser SLAM – Stop, Look, Analyze and Manage (Marathon Petroleum)

Last Minute Safety Check What am I about to do? What tools, equipment and procedures do I need? How could I or someone else get hurt? What will I do to make sure I don’t get hurt?

Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Last Minute Safety Check Ten Second Drill

Are you ready to do the job right? The right PPE, tools, equipment, preparation? You are your own last line of defense.

Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Last Minute Safety Check Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Observations

Many hazards lurk behind closed doors, in closets, in cabinets, in drawers, the other side of the wall. It’s easy to spot issues within plain view. Take the time to look in cabinets, drawers, lockers, and under work benches and tables for out-of-plain-view hazards

Sometimes, testing devices are required to find hazards not in plain view…

Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Last Minute Safety Check Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Audits The Key Question for Hazard Recognition

The Key Question of Hazard Recognition Is there anything different?

Key Question – Is there anything different? Different based on your education, your life experiences, your expectations of the workplace. When you see something different and you don’t know if a hazard exists, ask someone who would know.

Five Practical Techniques for Hazard Recognition Last Minute Safety Check Ten Second Drill Out-of-View Audits The Key Questions of Hazard Recognition Pre Use Equipment Inspections

OSHA Inspection Requirements for General Industry and Construction 250 General Industry Inspection Rules 150 Construction Inspection Rules Abrasive Wheels Air Receivers… Welding Machines Wheel Rims

For a Complementary Copy of CTJ Safety’s OSHA-Required Inspections Checklists… Leave me your business card with e mail address Write your e mail address and phone number LEGIBLY on a sheet of paper E mail me at

Consider the Multi Layered Approach to Hazard Recognition Changes and Mistakes Necessitate Multiple Layers of Hazard Recognition In Summary, to Have A Reasonable Chance to Find and Control the Hazards…

Thank you! David F. Coble, MS, CSP Coble, Taylor & Jones Safety Associates 113 Cambay Court Cary, NC