Chapter 2 Safety

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Explain what OSHA is and its purpose. Explain housekeeping measures that promote safe working conditions. List and describe clothing safety as it applies to carpenters. List other personal protective equipment recommended for carpenters to use. Objectives OSHA.gov

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. List safety measures relating to shoring and scaffolding. Cite safety measures relating to hand and power tools. Explain how electrical power is used safely on a jobsite. Describe proper methods of lifting and carrying to avoid personal injury. Describe the classes of fires. Objectives (Cont.) Leviton

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Carpentry tools and materials can cause serious injury 17.6% of fatalities in industry are construction related Causes of construction worker deaths –Falls –Electrocution –Struck by object –Caught-in/between Workplace Safety

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. OSHA protects workers –Standards for workplace safety –Health information and training –Safety training for employers and workers –Inspecting workplaces States to establish their own safety and health programs Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. OSHA-Approved State Plans OSHA.gov

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Provide safe workplaces Try to eliminate or reduce hazards Provide “competent person” to perform certain functions Employers’ Responsibilities under OSHA

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Become familiar with OSHA poster Follow safety and health rules Follow safe work practices Report safety hazards to employer Report to OSHA if employer fails to correct problems Workers’ Responsibilities under OSHA

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. OSHA Poster OSHA.gov

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. In good safety culture, workers: –Watch for potential hazards and take action to eliminate them –Use proper safety equipment; perform tasks safely In good safety culture, employers: –Provide safety training –Provide equipment and materials for safe work –Consider safety when planning work Safety Culture

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. General Safety Rules Safety is based on –Knowledge –Skill –Caring attitude Be familiar with potential hazards Take steps to minimize or eliminate hazards gpointstudio/iStock/Thinkstock

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Good Housekeeping Maintain clean site to help prevent accidents Store materials and tools properly Place rubbish and scrap in containers for disposal

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Remove nails from lumber scraps before discarding them Failure to do so could result in injury from puncture Injuries can lead to lost time on job Pro Tip

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Damaged and lost materials create unnecessary waste Store materials in secure location to minimize theft Protect stored materials from bad weather Locate materials away from worker pathways Keep materials neatly organized Thinking Green

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Clothing Wear appropriate clothing for work and weather conditions Avoid loose-fitting or ragged clothing Wear sturdy shoes with thick soles Wear comfortable headgear to provide necessary protection Nomar

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Personal Protective Equipment May be required on many jobs –Safety glasses –Safety boots and shoes –Hard hat –Particulate mask –Respirator –Hearing protection

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fall Protection Falls are leading cause of worker fatalities in construction industry OSHA requires fall protection –Fall-arrest harness –Guardrail Super Anchor Manufacturing

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Scaffolds –Must have minimum safety factor of four –May pose electrocution hazard Ladders –Inspect regularly –Use only for climbing from one level to another –May also pose electrocution hazard Scaffolds and Ladders

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hand Tools Use correct type and size of tool Be sure tool is sharp and properly adjusted Use tool belt to keep hand tools close by

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Hold hand tools correctly Be careful when starting cut with handsaw Keep edged and pointed tools turned downward Carry only few tools at one time Do not carry sharp tools in your pockets Store tools properly Rules for Hand Tools

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Power Tools Be thoroughly familiar with how tool works Know correct procedures Check power cord to make sure there are no breaks in insulation

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Electrical Power Used often on job sites May be from power pole or generator Safe use is important Even small amounts can cause serious injury or death

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Moisture can turn many materials into conductors Workers can receive electrical shocks Make sure tools you use are grounded Circuit breakers and fuses provide some protection against shock Electrical Conductors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Detects tiny amounts of current Opens circuit before shock can occur Especially important to use when moisture is present Leviton

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Tools powered by compressed air are called pneumatic tools: –Can be dangerous –High pressure can cause particles to puncture human skin –Serious damage can occur if directed at eyes or ears Compressed Air

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Safety Note Wear safety glasses when working with pneumatic tools Never direct air stream at people Use quick-disconnect coupling with pneumatic tools

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Carpenter should stand on firm, solid base Surface should be smooth, but not slippery Do not attempt to work over rough piles of earth or on stacks of material Stay well away from floor openings, floor edges, and excavations Decks and Floors

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Shoring and bracing must be placed where ground is cracked or cave-in may occur Ask utility companies to mark any buried utilities on site Trenches pose hazards from shifting soil Shoring or trench box can be used to work safely in trenches Excavations

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. On upper levels of structure, be cautious when handling materials Falling materials can be hazards to workers below you Position pieces of lumber on angle so they will not fall sideways Be aware of overhead work and wear approved hard hat Falling Objects

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Materials used can pose hazards Employers should notify employees about hazardous materials Safety data sheet –Hazard descriptions –How to avoid hazards –What to do in case of exposure to hazards Handling Hazardous Materials

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Pressure-Treated Lumber Requires special safety precautions Wear particulate mask, safety goggles, and gloves Do not burn scraps of treated wood

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Improper lifting and carrying of heavy objects may cause injuries Follow safety procedures when lifting –Stand close to load –Bend your knees and grasp object firmly –Lift by straightening your legs If load is heavy or bulky, have others help Lifting and Carrying

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fires can be classified as one of four different types Classes of Fires

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Know causes of fires and methods of controlling them Follow approved fire prevention practices –Follow good housekeeping procedures –Keep containers of flammable materials closed when not in use –Dispose of oily rags and combustible materials promptly Fire Protection

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Fire Extinguishers Use proper type of fire extinguisher for each type of fire Using wrong extinguisher could increase danger

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Knowledge of first aid is important Accident victim may receive additional injury from unskilled treatment Keep approved first aid kit on jobsite Clean, sterilize, and bandage all cuts and nicks Maintain current tetanus shot First Aid

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website. Construction Careers Construction Estimators Develop cost estimates in great detail Usually work from building plans Work for building contractors or large architectural or engineering firms Usually have college degree Marcin Balcerzak/Hemera/Thinkstock