Principles of Smart Home Control Carnegie Mellon University HCI Institute School of Design smarthome.cs.cmu.edu Scott Davidoff Min Kyung Lee John Zimmerman Anind Dey Family Control Smart Home Ubicomp 2006

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home CURRENT RESEARCH Smart home control systems provide control of devices Technical Perspective DISCIPLINARY GAP

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home CURRENT RESEARCH CAMP (Truong et al, 04) microCommander (Jahnke et al, 02)Speakeasy (Newman et al, 02) Jigsaw (Humble et al, 03) DISCIPLINARY GAP Focused on device control: visually, verbally  what you can do with the system; not what the system can do for..

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Families are struggling to gain control of their lives CURRENT RESEARCH Smart home control systems provide control of devices Anthropological PerspectiveTechnical Perspective DISCIPLINARY GAP

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Families are struggling to gain control of their lives CURRENT RESEARCH Smart home control systems provide control of devices Anthropological PerspectiveTechnical Perspective How can smart home control systems help users regain control of their devices DISCIPLINARY GAP

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Families are struggling to gain control of their lives CURRENT RESEARCH Smart home control systems provide control of devices Anthropological PerspectiveTechnical Perspective How can smart home control systems help users regain control of their devices families lives DISCIPLINARY GAP

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home CONTRIBUTIONS Recast the problem of smart home control Suggest new evaluation metrics for smart home control systems Provide rich description of nuanced notion of control Produce design principles to serve as signposts

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Increased obligations of daily life Context switching across roles (home/work) A skill parents want to gracefully master Parents want to pass this skill on Darrah 2000, 2002 RELATED WORK BUSYNESS AS A MORAL GOOD

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Busyness leads to stress Managing busyness is tough, if fails.. A “house of cards” “The rush hour of life” Fear of the sick child Beech 2004, Frissen 2000, Darrah 2002 RELATED WORK LESS THAN IDEAL CONTROL

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Systems for family life control will have to co-exist with busyness RELATED WORK IMPLICATIONS

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Goal: develop an opportunity map for technology to aid families 12 dual-income families Dual-income families: Large audience, representing 46% of the US population Lots of needs, early adopters FIELDWORK SUMMARY

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home “Wicked problem”* of activity management (= main source of family busyness) Flexibility as a coping strategy Relationship between control and flexibility Activities construct (individual/family) identity SUMMARY OF FINDINGS * Rittel 1973

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home FINDINGS “WICKED” PROBLEM OF ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE GAME OR PRACTICE? HOME OR AWAY? WHAT TIME?

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE WHO PICKS UP? WHO DROPS OFF? WHERE?

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE SHIN GUARDS, KNEE PADS. CLEATS OR FLATS?

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE PRACTICE UNIFORM? HOME OR AWAY UNIFORM?

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE CLEAN CLOTHES THE NIGHT BEFORE

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE JUICE BEFORE OR AFTER? ORANGES AT HALFTIME?

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home EXAMPLE LOST ON THE CALENDAR

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS LAST MINUTE CARPOOL DECISIONS

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS MOM’S OUT OF TOWN SO DAD’S IN CHARGE

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS MOM’S OUT OF TOWN SO DAD’S IN CHARGE

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS MOM’S OUT OF TOWN SO DAD’S IN CHARGE

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS CREEPING RESPONSIBILITY

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS CREEPING RESPONSIBILITY

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS UNPREDICTABLE ORANGES

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS SICK CHILD

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home BREAKDOWNS CASCADE EFFECTS

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Incremental precision Improvisation Technological infrastructure Lifestyle choices FINDINGS FLEXIBILITY AS A COPING STRATEGY

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home FINDINGS CONTROL AND FLEXIBILITY

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home FINDINGS ACTIVITIES CONSTRUCT FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY Activities mean more than the work behind them People derive meaning from their participation

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home Now what? RELATED WORK

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home SEVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES Allow for the organic evolution of routines and plans Participate in the construction of family identity The home is more than a location Understand periodic changes, exceptions and improvisation Design for breakdowns Easily construct new plans and routines, and modify existing ones Account for multiple, overlapping and occasionally conflicting goals

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 1:ALLOW FOR THE ORGANIC EVOLUTION OF ROUTINES AND PLANS Hard to specify a priori Incremental precision Many routines are “unremarkable” * Tolmie 2002

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 2:PARTICIPATE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FAMILY IDENTITY Some tasks are more than work They constitute how we interpret who we are

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 3:THE HOME IS MORE THAN A LOCATION Opportunistic planning occurs in many locations A smart home is more than a physical space Also includes “information space”

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 4:UNDERSTAND PERIODIC CHANGES, EXCEPTIONS AND IMPROV Routines are often not routine Vary by season Routines change with exceptions Rigid model of routines would not fit observation

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 5:DESIGN FOR BREAKDOWNS Exceptions happen frequently Complete solution is impossible

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home PRINCIPLE 6:EASILY CONSTRUCT AND MODIFY PLANS AND ROUTINES Daily basis task planning and coordination Frequent interaction should merit attention Input should be low-cost

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home 7:ACCOUNT FOR MULTIPLE, OVERLAPPING AND CONFLICTING GOALS More than one person May not agree on task performance metrics “Thermostat Predicament” Support v. Independence PRINCIPLE

Scott Davidoff, Min Kyung Lee, John Zimmerman, Anind Dey | Carnegie Mellon Family Control Smart Home CONCLUSIONS Family is a place of busyness where identity and life control collide Opportunity for technology to improve quality of family life Design principles help address this space Evaluate smart home technology in terms of life control