Ch 24 Insights ID-Federal Land Grants to Railroads (P 531) Summary 1- What do the purple areas/lines on the map represent? land grants (land given to RRs for laying track) Summary 2- What do the four shades of the US represent? Time Zones (eastern, central, mountain, pacific) OI-The Iron Colt becomes the Iron Horse, Spanning the Continent with Rails 1)What did the government offer the railroads as a subsidy (Aid to build tracks) Land (more than the size of the state of Texas) 2) What was the Union Pacific Railroads given for every mile of track laid Each mile of track laid=20 sq miles of land 3) Identify two of the “Big Four” of the Central Pacific Leland Stanford, Collis Huntington,

ID- The Modern Colossus of Railroads (P 537) Summary 3- What is this cartoon implying about the three giants? That Vanderbilt, Field, and Gould were puppet masters that control the prices of all goods that were transported on trains OI- Wrongdoing in Railroading, Government Bridles the Iron Horse 4) What was Cornelius Vanderbilt’s attitude towards government? That he had more power than government and laws did not apply to him 5) How did the railroads bribe journalists and politicians? free RR passes (free travel) 6) What was the Interstate Commerce Act? First time government said it would regulate the RR industry and ensure that RRs did not rip off the public

ID-The Octopus (p 539) Summary 4- What company does the Octopus represent and where is he spreading his tentacles? Standard Oil (Rockefeller’s oil company), Wash. D.C. (capital) OI-The Trust Titan Emerges 7) Define Vertical Integration when a company owns all phases of manufacturing (raw materials-transportation-processing- retail sales) Allows a company to create producst for less money and undercut competitors) 8) Define Horizontal Integration when a company buys/takes over similar companies (ie- McDonalds buying Taco Bell/Burger King/ Carl Jr) Allows a company to kill competition and charge higher prices 9) Define a trust Monopoly- when a person/company/group of people combine businesses to control an entire industry (tobacco, oil, steel, etc)

ID-The Robber Barons (P 543) Summary 5- Who do the fat guys represent in the US? What are the fat men demanding from the people? Robber Barons or Trusts, money OI- Carnegie and Other Sultans of Steel 10) Carnegie- How much steel and $ did he produce a year ¼ of nations steel and $40 million ($25 mil for himself) 11) J. Pierpont Morgan- How is he connected to Carnegie JP Morgan bought Carnegie steel for $400 million 12) $350 million- explain what happened to it Carnegie gave his money away (Gospel of Wealth) to libraries, foundations,universities, etc

ID- The New Rich and the New Immigrants Summary 6- Explain the difference between what the two families are doing at home? one family (wealthy) is playing chess, the other is working ID-Breaker Boys… (548) Summary 7- How are these coal miners different from coal miners today? The miners are CHILDREN working in the most dangerous job OI- The Impact of the New Industrial Revolution on America 13) How did the Industrial Revolution help women in the workplace? women access to new jobs (operator, secretary) and $ 14) Explain how unevenly wealth was divided in the US (look for oligarchy) top 10% own 90% of the wealth (today top 20% owns 80% of wealth) 15) How could wage earners lives be precarious (unsure)? unemployment, illness, injury could means poverty, no security if times go bad

ID- The Strike (551) Summary 8- Who is this confrontation between? workers and the owner of a factory Summary 9- How do you think this confrontation will play out? violently (people are picking up rocks) and tempers flared OI- Labor Limps Along, Unhorsing the Knights of Labor Union- workers organize/team up to demand better pay and conditions (their numbers give them power) 16) National Labor Union- what types of workers were in the Union skilled, unskilled, and farmers (excluded Chinese and most women and blacks) 17) What was the goal of the Knights of labor? included all workers to create one big union (even blacks) 18) How did the Haymarket Square bomb hurt the Knights of Labor in the eyes of Americans people began to see strikers (workers trying to improve their situation) with radicals and immigrants who want to destroy the country

ID-Samuel Gompers (553) Summary 10- Who is Samuel Gompers marching for? Why is he marching in Wash. D.C.? for the workers, trying to get the government to react and protect workers from corporations OI- The AF of L to the Fore 19) Who was the founder of the AFL? Samuel Gompers 20) How was the AFL different from a national Union? it was a union comprised of smaller unions which kept their independence but worked with the AFL in developing a similar strategy and similar goals 21) Who did the AFL seek to organize? skilled workers (idea was that these workers could perform skills that others could not and if they did not work/went on strike they would have a strong impact on hurting a company or the economy) unskilled workers join the IWW