Critical Use Nominations: Final Recommendations MBTOC Cochairs :  Mohamed Besri  Michelle Marcotte  Marta Pizano  Ian Porter 23 rd MOP - Bali Montreal Protocol, MOP-23, November, Bali

MB Global Consumption Consumption 2010 Non A5 - xxx t A5- xxx t (approx.) Consumption 2010 Non A5 - xxx t A5- xxx t (approx.) Note: Reported Consumption for QPS Uses in Non-A5: 4,945 t ; A5: 5,558 t A2 consumption 2942 t A5 consumption 3998 t

Progress in A5 Parties in 2010 Reported A5 consumption in 2010 is 3,998 t, and this amount is due for phase out by This consumption was 25% of the total A5 baseline of approx. 16,000 t. Over the last decade, MB consumption in A5 countries has fallen by about 1000 t per year.

Trends in Total Amount (t) of MB Approved or Recommended for Critical Uses ( ) Overall, CUNs continue to fall from 2010 to 2013 for the remaining nominating Parties. tonnes

Reductions in Total Amounts of MB (tonnes*) Exempted (CUE) by Party *Numbers rounded to nearest tonne

Adjustments to CUE Amounts - Consideration of Stocks (Dec IX/6 1,bii) MB stocks (t) reported at end of: Australia0 0 Canada EC Israel0- Japan New Zealand2.8 - USA10,417.01,803.0 Total10,592.71, MBTOC CUE recommendations did not take stocks into account and left this for the Parties to take into account. -Stocks reported by USA in 2010 are 2.6 times the 2013 US nomination of 692 t.

US Research Sector: Soils and SC The US made applications for MB quantities for research for 16 preplant soil and commodity trials in 2012 and In its interim assessment, MBTOC considered these CUNs ‘unable to assess’ as there was insufficient information to make a recommendation, except in the cured pork sector for In July the US revised the nominated amounts from 7.5 t to 2.6 t for 2012 and from 7.5 t to 2.5 t for After further requests from MBTOC, the US withdrew the research nominations in October as the Party stated ‘it was now possible to conduct the program without a CUE’.

MBTOC Soils 23rd MOP - Bali

MB Preplant Soil Use CUNs Of the 13 CUNs submitted, MBTOC requested further information from the US to support 5 nominations (i.e. eggplants, cucurbits, peppers, tomatoes, strawberry fruit). The US requested further re-evaluation of two nominations (ornamentals, strawberry fruit). Reassessment of the nominations from Australia and Canada were not required.

Preplant Soil CUNs (tonnes) submitted for Final Assessment for 2013 Preplant Uses CUNCUE Australia: Strawberry nurseries 29.76[29.76] Canada: Strawberry nurseries 5.261[5.261] USA: Cucurbits # [3.887] Eggplant 1.381[1.381] Nurseries (fruit, nut and flower) # [0.476] Orchard replant 6.230[6.230] Ornamentals (open field) 48.2[40.818] Peppers # [5.604] Strawberry fruit [ ] Strawberry nurseries 3.752[3.752] Tomatoes # [9.107] # - USG Revised the nominations downwards and withdrew research nominations

Recommendations for Preplant Soil Use by Party in 2013(t) CountryCUN Final Rec. Australia29.760[29.760] Canada5.596[5.261] USA [ ]

Outcome of Final Recommendations for CUEs (tonnes) for Preplant Soils Uses MB (tonnes) Quantity Nominated for 2013 Not Recommended Final Recommendation (*Figures rounded to nearest tonne)

Final Recommendations - CUEs 1.Australia - (Strawberry runners t). Some soilless production adopted. No suitable chemical alternatives registered. Future reductions in MB appear to rely on registration of a MI/Pic. MBTOC Recommends full amount. 2.Canada - (Strawberry runners t). Voluntary dose reduction accepted by grower. No chemical alternatives approved for this region in Prince Edward Island. A minority view (3 members) considered the research efforts insufficient. MBTOC Recommends 93% (or t) 3.US - (9 sectors - Vegetables (4), ornamentals, nurseries, orchard replant, strawberry field and runners t ) made a significant reduction in total amount nominated for soil uses compared to last year (33%). MBTOC Recommends 87%

Reassessment of US Nominations After the interim recommendations, the US advised (15 th July, 2011) that it had: –Reduced the CUN amounts for 4 nominations for cucurbits, peppers, tomatoes and nurseries –Reported to MBTOC that this would be the last CUN for the 4 vegetable sectors –Provided new economic information to support CUNs –Requested that the nomination for ornamentals be reassessed and the Californian amount reinstated. –Requested review of the strawberry CUN

CUN Final Recommendation: US Vegetables and Nurseries SectorOriginal CUNRevised CUN July 2011 Final Recom. October 2011 Cucurbits Pepper Tomato Nurseries During its second meeting, MBTOC accepted the justification provided by the Party for the 4 nominations below.

CUN Final Recommendation: US Ornamentals (California) Nominated Quantity for 2013* MBTOC recommendation at OEWG (15% reduction) MBTOC final recommendation * In addition, t (25% reduction) was recommended for Florida Recommendation MBTOC considered that for the Californian nomination alternatives, (eg. fumigants at reduced dosages with barrier films, substrates, steam + solarization) are available to support the proposed reduction.

CUN Final Recommendation: US Strawberry Fruit Nominated Quantity for 2013* t MBTOC recommendation at OEWG t MBTOC final recommendation* (No consensus) t * At the OEWG, the Party was requested to substantiate any increase above the interim recommendation.

Strawberry Fruit CUN Final Recommendation ( t). Further information provided by the Party did not demonstrate that technically and economically feasible alternatives were not available for specific soilborne pathogens, particularly for one area. Party may wish to submit a supplementary bid next round if there is technical justification to show that all available methods of 1,3-D/Pic and Pic, with or without barrier films, are not effective for the circumstances of the nomination (i.e. control Macrophomina and Fusarium in strawberry fruit). Minority view (6 members) Party had substantiated the nomination sufficiently and the authors supported the recommendation in full.

Emergency Use Canada Recently, Canada advised the Secretariat that it had issued a permit for 1.9 t of MB under the ‘Emergency Use’ provisions of the Montreal Protocol. The Party stated that this was an unused quantity of the 2010 CUE amount approved for strawberry nurseries that was needed in early 2011.

MBTOC Structures and Commodities Final CUN Recommendations 23 MOP - Bali

2011 CUNs Structures (2 CUNs) Flour mills and cereal processing (Canada and US) Research (1 CUN) (US) Multiple postharvest aspects withdrawn by Party in October 2011 Commodities (4 CUNs) Chestnuts (Japan) Dry cured pork in storages (US) Dried fruit, walnuts and dates (US) Rice (Australia)

Final Recommendations for Postharvest CUNs for 2013 Country and Sector (tonnes) Australia. Packaged rice [2.374] Canada. Mills [7.848] Japan. Fresh Chestnuts[3.317] USA 1. Commodities 2. Mills and Food Processing Structures 3. Cured Pork Postharvest and cured pork research in 2012 and 2013 [0.822] [25.334] [3.730] [withdrawn] TOTAL [43.425]

2011 SC CUN Summary -1 Australia rice 2013; Nominated tonnes. Recommended. For use on packaged rice. This represents ~35% decrease of the amount of MB granted by the Parties for this use for This surpasses Australia’s phase-out plan (-25%/yr). Rain in growing regions expected to increase 2011 harvests. Australia will stop using CUN MB in 2014 Canada flour mills 2013; Nominated 7.8 tonnes. Recommended. This is ~29% decrease of the amount granted by the Parties for The CUN is only sufficient for a single treatment of 7-8 of the mills in the application.

2011 SC CUN - 3 US commodities 2013; Nominated tonnes. Recommended. For treatment of dried fruit, walnuts and dates. This is a 66% reduction over the amount granted by the Parties for use in The section on Controlled Atmosphere storage in the MBTOC Assessment report may assist the US to achieve this decrease. US mills and processors 2013; Nominated tonnes. Recommended. For use in mills and food processing structures. This represents a 66% reduction in the amount granted by the Parties in The MBTOC-SC Special Report in SF Efficacy may assist the US to achieve this decrease.

2011 SC CUN Summary - 2 Japan chestnuts 2013; Nominated tonnes. Recommended. This is a 5% reduction of the amount of MB granted by the Party for this use in The registrant of methyl iodide (MI) requires more stringent safety controls and modern application methods for MI than are required for MB. As a result, improvements to fumigation chambers and farmer training programs were required. Thus, there have been delays in commercial adaptation. Last year Japan indicated it would stop using CUN MB for chestnuts in 2014.

2011 CUN Summary - 4 The Party nominated for Cured Pork in 2013 Interim recommendation Unable to assess, pending research results. Final Recommendation tonnes Research timeline and effort, meat storage methods and regulatory issues were reassessed resulting in recommendation. Minority view (1 member) Party had not met the requirements of Decision IX/6

Special Report on Efficacy of Sulfuryl Fluoride (SF) Observed lack of efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride in killing pest eggs in commercial practice. SF adopted by some Parties as the principal alternative to methyl bromide in structural and commodity uses. Lack of full effectiveness of SF against pest eggs contributes to several critical use nominations. MBTOC SC prepared a Special Review, of reported laboratory studies on SF in controlling eggs of stored product insect pests. Review as a basis for analysis and advice for full control of pests by SF in commercial fumigations.

MBTOC SC Special Report SF Efficacy The usual commercial dosage rate of SF is sufficient to give full control (including eggs) of common pests. BUT, it is insufficient to fully control eggs of some common species of stored product insect pests – especially <25˚C. Fumigations which target only 95% efficacy in killing pest eggs can quickly result in severe re-infestation and eventually pest resistance. A 99% kill of infestations, including the egg state is economically necessary and avoids selecting for resistant strains of pests. Commercial conditions such as: cool temperature, leaky structures, presence of packaging materials results in inadequate fumigation.

Economic Issues, Procedural Issues Workplan, Budget 23rd MOP - Bali

Economic Issues Alternatives to MB have been economically assessed through the ‘partial financial budget’ analysis. When the use of an alternative causes the gross margin to decline by more than 15 to 20 %, MBTOC considered the alternative not economically feasible. For Structures and Commodities, enterprise cost and revenue data is often not available, so only the changes in treatment costs have been taken into account

Workplan for 2012 CUN Round CUN 2012 Nominations submitted by Parties 24 January 2012 Questions of clarification to Parties21 February 2012 CUN 2012 considered at MBTOC meetingChina, early March (tentative) CUN 2012 considered at TEAP meetingApril 2012 TEAP Report published on webMay 2012 OEWG (bilaterals)June 2012 MBTOC meeting further considering CUNs September-October 2012 Final evaluations published &TEAP findingsMiddle October 2012 MOPNovember 2012

Resourcing Issues Decision XVI/4 Annex 16 requires MBTOC to meet twice a year to review CUNs. We request clarification from the Parties in light of the reductions of CUNs, lack of funding of members, and that meetings can take place electronically. MBTOC cannot hold face to face meetings unless A(5) and Non A(5) members are funded to attend. Resourcing aspects discussed in MBTOC SC Report (October 2011) and in Workplan.