11 BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA Chapter 4

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA2 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Describe the various types of hardware used to perform backups. Understand the difference between full, incremental, and differential backup jobs. List the capabilities of the Windows Server 2003 Backup program. Back up and restore an Active Directory database. Use volume shadow copies. Describe the various types of hardware used to perform backups. Understand the difference between full, incremental, and differential backup jobs. List the capabilities of the Windows Server 2003 Backup program. Back up and restore an Active Directory database. Use volume shadow copies.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA3 BACKING UP DATA Why do we back up data? Why do we need to back up data? Why do we back up data? Why do we need to back up data?

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA4 BACKUP SOLUTION Backup hardware Backup medium Backup software Data to be backed up Backup hardware Backup medium Backup software Data to be backed up

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA5 BACKUP HARDWARE Capacity Speed Cost Capacity Speed Cost

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA6 CD-ROM AND DVD-ROM CD Inexpensive, widely supported Capacity up to 650 MB DVD Becoming less expensive Less support than for CDs Capacity can be over 4 GB CD Inexpensive, widely supported Capacity up to 650 MB DVD Becoming less expensive Less support than for CDs Capacity can be over 4 GB

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA7 CARTRIDGE DRIVES Proprietary technology Zip (Up to 750-MB capacity) Jaz (2-GB capacity) Proprietary technology Zip (Up to 750-MB capacity) Jaz (2-GB capacity)

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA8 MAGNETIC TAPE DRIVES Use single or double spool magnetic cartridges Low cost per megabyte Large capacity Use single or double spool magnetic cartridges Low cost per megabyte Large capacity

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA9 AUTOCHANGERS Reduce the need for manual intervention in backups Allow you to back up more data Preserves investment in media Reduce the need for manual intervention in backups Allow you to back up more data Preserves investment in media

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA10 SELECTING A DRIVE INTERFACE IDE Inexpensive Performance degrades drastically when using more than one device per channel SCSI Faster than IDE, more suited to writing continuous streams of data Might require additional host bus adapter (controller) IDE Inexpensive Performance degrades drastically when using more than one device per channel SCSI Faster than IDE, more suited to writing continuous streams of data Might require additional host bus adapter (controller)

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA11 BACKUP SOFTWARE Windows Server 2003 Backup Third-party software Veritas Backup Exec BrightStor ARCserve Backup Windows Server 2003 Backup Third-party software Veritas Backup Exec BrightStor ARCserve Backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA12 TARGET SELECTION Anything that is to be backed up is considered a backup target, including: Single file or folder Entire drive Entire system Another system on the network Anything that is to be backed up is considered a backup target, including: Single file or folder Entire drive Entire system Another system on the network

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA13 USING TREE SELECTION

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA14 USING FILTERS Filter on file creation date/time, size, or type Allows you to perform customized backups Can reduce the time needed to back up and the amount of media required Filter on file creation date/time, size, or type Allows you to perform customized backups Can reduce the time needed to back up and the amount of media required

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA15 TYPE OF BACKUPS TypeDataArchive Flag Full or NormalAllClear IncrementalModified since last full or incremental backup Clear DifferentialModified since last full or incremental backup Not Reset CopyBackup – ignoring the archive flag Not Reset DailyBased on today’s dateNot Reset

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA16 BACKUP JOB TYPES: NORMAL Backs up all files Clears the archive bit Can require large data storage capacity Backs up all files Clears the archive bit Can require large data storage capacity

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA17 BACKUP JOB TYPES: INCREMENTAL Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup Clears the archive bit Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup Faster to backup than differential, longer restore Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup Clears the archive bit Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup Faster to backup than differential, longer restore

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA18 BACKUP JOB TYPES: DIFFERENTIAL Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup Does not clear the archive bit Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup Longer to backup than incremental, faster restore Backs up only files that have been modified or created since the last full or incremental backup Does not clear the archive bit Can require considerably less storage space than a normal backup Longer to backup than incremental, faster restore

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA19 COPY JOBS AND DAILY JOBS Copy job Backs up all files irrespective of archive bit status Does not change archive bit status Daily job Backs up files based on today's date Does not change archive bit status Copy job Backs up all files irrespective of archive bit status Does not change archive bit status Daily job Backs up files based on today's date Does not change archive bit status

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA20 SPECIFYING A BACKUP JOB TYPE

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA21 JOB SCHEDULING Allows backups to be performed during off-hours Reduces potential for administrative error Allows backups to be performed during off-hours Reduces potential for administrative error

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA22 MAINTAINING BACKUP LOGS Detailed Includes name and size of every file backed up Summary Errors, number of files backed up, amount of data backed up None No logging, not even of error messages Detailed Includes name and size of every file backed up Summary Errors, number of files backed up, amount of data backed up None No logging, not even of error messages

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA23 CATALOGING Allows backup software to keep track of what file is on what tape Eliminates the need for administrators to remember detailed information about the contents of a tape Can be stored on the system hosting the backup software or the tape Allows backup software to keep track of what file is on what tape Eliminates the need for administrators to remember detailed information about the contents of a tape Can be stored on the system hosting the backup software or the tape

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA24 MEDIA ROTATION Provides a method to retain backups for a given period Prevents overuse of media Common rotation methods include: Grandfather-Father-Son Tower of Hanoi Provides a method to retain backups for a given period Prevents overuse of media Common rotation methods include: Grandfather-Father-Son Tower of Hanoi

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA25 DEVICE CONFIGURATION Tape formatting Prepares a new or used tape for data storage Tape erasing Removes all data from the tape Tape retensioning Mechanism to ensure that a tape has the proper tension Compression Data compression that can often double the amount of data written to a tape, with little or no performance impact Tape formatting Prepares a new or used tape for data storage Tape erasing Removes all data from the tape Tape retensioning Mechanism to ensure that a tape has the proper tension Compression Data compression that can often double the amount of data written to a tape, with little or no performance impact

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA26 PERFORMING RESTORES Complexity depends on backup cycle in use (full, incremental, differential). Amount of time depends on volume of data to be restored. Periodic restores should be performed to test integrity of backups. Complexity depends on backup cycle in use (full, incremental, differential). Amount of time depends on volume of data to be restored. Periodic restores should be performed to test integrity of backups.

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA27 RESTORING FULL BACKUPS Easiest of all backup methods to restore Restores latest full backup Easiest of all backup methods to restore Restores latest full backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA28 RESTORING FULL AND INCREMENTAL BACKUPS Restores the latest full backup Restores incremental backups from oldest to most recent Number of restore steps depends on the time since the last full backup Restores the latest full backup Restores incremental backups from oldest to most recent Number of restore steps depends on the time since the last full backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA29 RESTORING FULL AND DIFFERENTIAL BACKUPS Restores the latest full backup Restores the latest differential backup Only two restore steps are required Restores the latest full backup Restores the latest differential backup Only two restore steps are required

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA30 DISASTER RECOVERY

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA31 BACKUP SECURITY Create specific user account for backups Password-protect tapes Store and transport tapes securely Create specific user account for backups Password-protect tapes Store and transport tapes securely

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA32 USING WINDOWS SERVER 2003 BACKUP

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA33 VOLUME SHADOW COPY Periodically saves copies of files Can be used to restore previous versions of a file Available only in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Also used by Windows Server 2003 Backup to make copies of open files Periodically saves copies of files Can be used to restore previous versions of a file Available only in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Also used by Windows Server 2003 Backup to make copies of open files

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA34 ENABLING VOLUME SHADOW COPY

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA35 BACKING UP ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA36 RESTORING ACTIVE DIRECTORY Can only be performed through Directory Services Restore Mode Nonauthoritative restore Used to rebuild a domain controller that has been damaged, using the latest Active Directory information from your other domain controllers Authoritative restore Used when you want to recover Active Directory objects that have been accidentally deleted using a System State backup Can only be performed through Directory Services Restore Mode Nonauthoritative restore Used to rebuild a domain controller that has been damaged, using the latest Active Directory information from your other domain controllers Authoritative restore Used when you want to recover Active Directory objects that have been accidentally deleted using a System State backup

Chapter 4: BACKING UP AND RESTORING DATA37 SUMMARY A network backup solution consists of backup hardware, backup software, and a plan for using them. Incremental and differential backup jobs use the archive bit to determine what files need to be backed up. Network backup software enables you to back up data from computers anywhere on the network. Volume shadow copy enables users to access copies of files they have accidentally deleted or damaged. In Windows Server 2003 Backup, the System State object provides an easy way to back up Active Directory. Active Directory can be restored only through Directory Services Restore Mode. A network backup solution consists of backup hardware, backup software, and a plan for using them. Incremental and differential backup jobs use the archive bit to determine what files need to be backed up. Network backup software enables you to back up data from computers anywhere on the network. Volume shadow copy enables users to access copies of files they have accidentally deleted or damaged. In Windows Server 2003 Backup, the System State object provides an easy way to back up Active Directory. Active Directory can be restored only through Directory Services Restore Mode.