BY LUKE FITZGERALD

 The physical environment often dictated not only the trails North American settlers used in their move westward but also their destinations. The lure of open spaces and inexpensive land was so great that many pioneers risked dangerous conditions to make it to the Great Plains.

In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark began an exciting adventure. They led a group of American explorers on a long trip. There were no cars or airplanes. The men used boats and horses. They went through land in which only Indian tribes lived. They left from the mouth of the Missouri River. They went all the way to the Pacific Ocean and back. They were called the Corps of Discovery. Their journey was almost 8,000 miles long. It took them two years to make. Part of the trip was along the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota. The explorers wanted to see if they could get to the Pacific Ocean by river. They also wanted to make friends with the Indians. They hoped to trade with them in the future. On the trip, the explorers kept journals. Every day they wrote about the things they saw. They wrote about things so that scientists and settlers could read about them. Many tribes of Indians lived along the way. Interesting animals did too. Journal The Louisiana Purchase The story of Lewis and Clark starts with Thomas Jefferson. He was president of the United States. It was At that time, the country ended at the Mississippi River. Most Americans lived near the Atlantic Ocean. The land that would one day be South Dakota lay between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. This whole area was known as Louisiana. Many American Indians lived there. A few fur traders did, too. Most white people had never been there. To them, it was the "Great Unknown."Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson had a dream. He dreamed that one day the United States would stretch from ocean to ocean. Trains and cars did not yet exist. Few people thought that so much land could be united into one country. President Jefferson thought it could be. He wanted to know if the Missouri River ran all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Or did it connect with other rivers that did? Could these rivers be used as a highway? In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark began an exciting adventure. They led a group of American explorers on a long trip. There were no cars or airplanes. The men used boats and horses. They went through land in which only Indian tribes lived. They left from the mouth of the Missouri River. They went all the way to the Pacific Ocean and back. They were called the Corps of Discovery. Their journey was almost 8,000 miles long. It took them two years to make. Part of the trip was along the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota. The explorers wanted to see if they could get to the Pacific Ocean by river. They also wanted to make friends with the Indians. They hoped to trade with them in the future. On the trip, the explorers kept journals. Every day they wrote about the things they saw. They wrote about things so that scientists and settlers could read about them. Many tribes of Indians lived along the way. Interesting animals did too. In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark began an exciting adventure. They led a group of American explorers on a long trip. There were no cars or airplanes. The men used boats and horses. They went through land in which only Indian tribes lived. They left from the mouth of the Missouri River. They went all the way to the Pacific Ocean and back. They were called the Corps of Discovery. Their journey was almost 8,000 miles long. It took them two years to make. Part of the trip was along the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota. Lewis and Clark Exspidition

 Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural to many Americans in the mid- nineteenth century. Like the Massachusetts Puritans who hoped to build a "city upon a hill, "courageous pioneers believed that America had a divine obligation to stretch the boundaries of their noble republic to the Pacific Ocean. Independence had been won in the Revolution and reaffirmed in the War of 1812.

 IN NORTHERN PLACES THEY HAVE SMALLER FARMS AND MANUFACTURING IN CITIES  IN SOUTHERN STATES THERE LARGE AMOUNTS OF LAND AND PLANTATIONS

 John Deere was an Illinois blacksmith and manufacturer. Early in his career, Deere and an associate designed a series of farm plows. In 1837, on his own, John Deere designed the first cast steel plow that greatly assisted the Great Plains farmers. The large plows made for cutting the tough prairie ground were called "grasshopper plows." The plow was made of wrought iron and had a steel share that could cut through sticky soil without clogging. By 1855, John Deere's factory was selling over 10,000 steel plows a year.

 She is holding a schoolbook. I think that the angel holding items of a white man moving west shows that the pioneers think this is their manifest destiny, that if an angel of god is leading them to the west, then they must go. This painting shows how as Americans pushed west, they threw out old customs of the country and brought their own into the cycle of life. If you start looking at the painting by examining the far left, you see the first cities of the east, with trains, boats and bridges.

 John Blenkinsop shows off the world’s first rack-and-pinion steam locomotive. Unlike other early steam locomotives, it will become a commercial success as a coal hauler.  Blenkinsop, the manager of the Middleton Colliery in West Yorkshire, England, was looking for a cheaper way to move coal from Middleton to Leeds. Supply requirements for the cavalry fighting in the Peninsular War drove up the cost of horse feed, and it was becoming cost-prohibitive for the colliery to transport coal in horse- drawn wagons. Peninsular War

 What is its name? Gayetty's Medicated Paper  Who invented it? Joself Gayetty  When was it invented? 1857  What does it look like? It was originnally a yellow manila color with Joself Gayetty watermarked on every sheet. It also came as flat sheets, not in a roll.  What did they use before it was invented? In Rome they used a sponge on a stick. Some other things the rich used were cotton, wool, and lace. Many used catalogs and leaves.  Was it expensive or inexpensive? 500 sheets sold for 50 cents.

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