A Changing Culture Chapter 20, Section 3 Pgs. 597-602

Land-grant college An 1862 law called the Morrill Act gave the states large amounts of federal land that could be sold to raise money for education. The states used these funds to start dozens of colleges and universities

Yellow Journalism Attracting readers by exaggerating the dramatic or gruesome aspects of stories.

Realism An approach to literature that seeks to describe the real lives of people.

Regionalism An approach to literature which focuses on a particular region of the country.

Ragtime Music that is related to jazz and has complex rhythms

Vaudeville Variety shows with dancing, singing, comedy, and magic acts. America’s Got Talent – modern day version of a vaudeville show.

Public High Schools 1860 – 100 1900 - 6,000 1914 - 12,000 Most students were female because boys had to go to work to help support their families.

Public Education African American children received little or no education. The schools they did attend were segregated. Supporters of “progressive education” wanted to shape students’ character and teach them good citizenship. They also believed in a “hands-on” approach to learning.

Morrill Act The act was passed in 1862 and gave states large amounts of federal land that could be sold to raise money for education. The states used these funds to build colleges. Auburn University is Alabama’s land-grant college.

Colleges In 1910, 40% of all American college students were women. Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Reservation schools and boarding schools trained Native Americans for jobs in industry.

Libraries Andrew Carnegie pledged to build a public library in any city that would agree to pay its operating costs. Over the next 30 years, Carnegie donated more than $30 million to found more than 2,000 libraries. Every state in the union established free public libraries.

Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer created the World newspaper and grabbed reader’s attention with huge, scary headlines. William Randolph Hearst created Morning Journal by exaggerating the details in stories.

Literature Realism – described the real lives of people Regionalism – focused on a particular region of the country Mark Twain was a realist and a regionalist. He wrote about real life along the Mississippi River. Paul Laurence Dunbar wrote about Southern African Americans using dialects and folktales.

Paperback Books Paperback books appeared in the late 1800s. Because the were inexpensive, more people than ever before could afford to buy them.

American Artists Frederic Remington – painted the American West Winslow Homer – painted Southern farmers and stormy sea scenes James Whistler – painted Whistler’s Mother the best-known American painting Mary Cassatt – inspired by French impressionists

Jazz Jazz was developed in New Orleans. Jazz combined work songs, gospel music, spirituals, and African rhythms.

BASKETBALL Invented by Dr. James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts. He developed the game in the 1890s as an indoor winter sport for the boys in his YMCA physical education classes.

Vaudeville Shows Variety shows with dancing, singing, comedy, and magic acts Many people could afford the price of a ticket Vaudeville offered the most popular shows in town

Moving Pictures Thomas Edison invented the “moving pictures” in the 1880s. Nickelodeons were short films that cost 5 cents to see. These were the beginning of the film industry.