Germinating broad bean seed ( it doesn’t matter which way up the seed is put- the roots will grow down and the stem will grow up!)

cotton wool damp dry rubber bung cotton wool bung Put in warm, light place Cotton wool dipped in pyrogallol (removes oxygen) seeds Put in a dark fridge Put in a warm cardboard box Variables = water, light, oxygen + warmth

cotton wool damp dry 12 cotton wool bung Put in warm, light place seeds Fairness Same Type of seed Number of seeds Warmth Lighting Mass of cotton wool Time left Presence of oxygen Different presence / absence of water Result; Seeds grow in 1 but not 2 Conclusion; Seeds need water to germinate

cotton wool damp 1 3 rubber bung cotton wool bung Cotton wool dipped in pyrogallol (removes oxygen) seeds Put in warm, light place Fairness Same Type of seed Number of seeds Warmth Lighting Volume of water Time left Different presence / absence of oxygen Result; Seeds grow in 1 but not 3 Conclusion; Seeds need oxygen to germinate

cotton wool damp 1 cotton wool bung seeds Put in warm, light place cotton wool damp 5 cotton wool bung Put in a warm cardboard box Fairness Same Type of seed Number of seeds Warmth Presence of oxygen Volume of water Time left Different presence / absence of light Result; Seeds grow equally well in both Conclusion; Seeds do not need light to germinate

cotton wool damp 45 cotton wool bung Put in a dark fridge Put in a warm cardboard box Fairness Same Type of seed Number of seeds Lighting Presence of oxygen Volume of water Time left Different presence / absence of warmth Result; Seeds grow in 5 but not 4 Conclusion; Seeds need warmth to germinate seeds

Summary To germinate, seeds need ; water oxygen warmth They do not need; light