Ms. Carmelitano

 Cultural Diffusion  Mixture of Roman and Greek (Hellenistic) culture Educated Romans learned Greek language  Classical civilizations are a mix of Greek, Roman, and Hellenistic cultures

 Greek: Known for beauty and idealism  Romans: were realistic  Their artwork had a practical purpose Art was used for education, and to preserve history

 Sculptures  Bas-relief or low-relief: images project from a flat background  Used to tell stories or represent crowds of people, soldiers in battle, landscapes  Mosaics  Pictures made by setting smalls pieces of glass or tile onto surface  Villas and country houses had at least one

 Painting  Murals called frescoes were painted on walls of the wealthy A Fresco is a painting made on damp plaster to brighten villas Example Fresco’s of Pompeii Pompeii was a city located near Mt Vesuvius, which erupted in 79 CE Ash rained down over the city, preserving the people and objects in ash Including the Frescos

 Attracted the wealthy due to its warm climate, and fertile soil

 Philosophy  Stoicism Zeno: Greek Stoic Encouraged virtue, duty, moderation, endurance

 Roman Themes:  Virtue, duty  Virgil  Wrote Roman literature  Aeneid – epic of Aeneas modeled after epics of Homer The epic follows Aeneas, a Trojan soldier, destined to build the city of Rome  Ovid  Poet  Wrote light poetry for enjoyment  Amores: is a poem about love

 History  Livy Roman Historian Wrote a multivolume history of Rome beginning in 9BCE It holds legends, as well as history  Tacitus Accurately preserved historical facts of Rome He wrote Annals and Histories Accurately catalogued Roman morality, and lack there of Including a depiction of Nero’s cruelty

 The Romans spoke Latin  This became the language of learning in the west and the Catholic Church  Developed into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian Romantic languages  Half of the words in English are based on Latin

 Roman Architecture  Arch  Dome  Concrete  Aqueducts  Brought water into cities and towns  Colosseum  Roads

 The Roman’s most lasting contribution  The Romans believed that law should be fair and applied equally to all people  Based on stoic philosophers  All people had the right to equal treatment under the law  A person should be punished for actions not thoughts  All people are innocent until proven guilty  The burden of proof on accuser  Laws should be fair

 Roman writers preserved Greek culture  Greek writing was translated into Latin  Roman writer, artists, and philosophers build off of the ideas of the Greeks  Although Rome eventually falls, the idea of Rome, achieves immortality