Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Bronze First Aid Training

Prevent further injury Purposes of First Aid Preserve life Prevent further injury Promote recovery

Principles of First Aid Stay calm Assess the situation Carry out a primary survey – D R A B Identify the injury or illness

Principles of First Aid cont Give easy, appropriate and adequate treatment in a sensible order of priority - Breathing, Bleeding, Burns, Bones If casualty is not breathing & you need to commence CPR, call for help before you start Organise removal of casualty to secondary care where appropriate Make and pass on a report

First Aid The FIRST priority with any patient is to make sure the AIRWAY is open and to check if the patient is BREATHING. If this is ok, you will need to assess the patient to check for BLEEDING and/or FRACTURES

An Emergency Action Plan If you follow a plan then it will make it easier for you to help those injured and will increase the chances of a full recovery. See plan attached

The Recovery Position D - R – A - B – When you have checked: D - R – A - B – and their breathing is ok, then you will need to place the patient in the RECOVERY POSITION. (see attached sheet)

Resuscitation D - When you have checked: R – A - B – and the patient is not breathing then you will need to start RESUSCITATION (see attached sheet)

Most Common Expedition Injuries Blisters Cuts & abrasions Burns & scalds Sprains

Blisters Prevention: Treatment: Ensure footwear is broken in If friction but no blister – cover affected & surrounding area with plaster, moleskin or other thin adhesive tape If blister has developed, pad it & apply clean dressing Prevention: Ensure footwear is broken in Wear good walking socks, clean & dry Change into dry socks & different footwear at campsite STOP IMMEDIATELY if you begin to feel discomfort

Minor Cuts & Abrasions Treatment: Clean with fresh water, ideally running and cold Do not use cotton wool as this can leave traces in the wound Use a plaster or bandage depending on size of wound

Minor Burns & Scalds Prevention: Treatment: Always take care when cooking Always place the stove on the ground, never on a picnic table or other elevated surface Ensure the whole group is aware of hot pans and boiling water Avoid spillages Always take burns seriously and report to a supervisor Treatment: Immerse in cold, running water for at least 10 mins Remove any rings from fingers, watches or bracelets from wrists Cover with a sterile, non-fluffy dressing, clear cling film or small plastic bag DO NOT apply creams, lotions or fat to the injury

Sunburn Prevention: Treatment: Cover up Apply water-resistant sun block every few hours Treatment: Treat as a minor burn and inform your expedition supervisor

Insect Bites Prevention: Treatment: Use insect repellent Keep clean and treat as minor abrasion Some people suffer a reaction to bites – report this to your supervisor If known to suffer a reaction, keep anti-histamine cream or tablets in your personal first aid kit and use as necessary

Sprains Treatment: R I C E est ce ompression levation Stop and rest Wear Good footwear and socks   Stop and rest Apply a damp towel or t-shirt to help reduce swelling Elevate injured limb to reduce swelling If the pain does not ease, treat as a more serious sprain or fracture

Asthma Treatment: Remove any tight clothing Reassure the patient Provide inhaler if available What to look for Difficulty breathing Wheezy breath Pale, clammy skin Grey or blue lips   If attack is severe or lasts more than two minutes call Mr. Henwood or Ms Matthews.

Fractures There are a number of different types of fractures but the most common ones are closed fractures and open fractures. To treat a fracture you should keep the injury still until medical assistance arrives and do not allow the patient to eat/drink. To support an upper limb injury in a support or elevated sling To treat a lower limb injury bandage the good leg to the injured one for support. slings

Thank you for listening Any questions?