6 th Regional Coordination Meeting Amman - November 11-12, 2014 Water Livelihood Initiative (WLI) Socio Economic component Prepared by Dr. Samia Akroush -NCARE

Outline Activity 1: Integration of gender dimension in local NGO’s activities for women skills improvement in the WLI site. PEER-TO-PEER TRAINING TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION & PROSPERITY AMONG LOCAL CBOS Activity 2: Technology Evaluation & Adoption(water harvesting)

Activity 1: Integration of gender dimension in local NGO’s activities for women skills improvement in the WLI site Objective: To raise the awareness of local communities on the role of women in income generating activities for poverty reduction and development

PEER-TO-PEER TRAINING TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION & PROSPERITY AMONG LOCAL CBOS National Center for Agricultural Research and Extension (NCARE) Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services (MEAS) AMMAN, 2014

 Organize and conduct a comprehensive capacity building training program to local CBOs:  Ngera Cooperative for Social and Charitable Causes  Al-Khudair WomenCooperative for Social Development  Mawakeb Al Noor Women Cooperative for Charitable Causes  NGERA services as a peer to newer cooperatives  Two newer cooperatives become operationally effective and offer services to its members  Fundraising activities for new community projects MEPI Project Goals & Objectives

Collaborating Partners Local CBOs NCARE (peer-to-peer mentoring) MEPI (capacity building) MEAS (research)

Conceptual Framework of the Project NGERA Cooperative for Social and Charitable Causes AL-KHUDAIR Women Cooperative for Social Development MAWAKEB Al- Noor Women Cooperative for Charitable Causes Mentoring Peer-to-peer support Networking Capacity Building

Training Program Structure Leadership Development Social Capital Development Peer-to-peer mentoring Women’s leadership Cooperative management Group Management Marketing Value-added processing Market analysis Business & Marketing Fundraising Computer and IT Micro-finance Savings and Financial Mushroom cultivation Cultivation of medicinal and herbal plants Technology & Innovation Grey-water treatment Natural Resources Management

Training were completed; On June 2014 a graduation ceremony were held at NCARE. Certificates were handed for the 20 women participated in the MEPI grant The total number of training hours was 152 hours.

 Evaluate and propose strategies to develop women’s social capital within the group and facilitate group formation & strengthening where social capital is absent  Determine the best practices that would connect women’s groups with external service providers (e.g., NCARE or funding agency) to foster women’s access and engagement in the market MEAS Research: Assessing Competencies & Building Social Capital

SNA survey to capture depth of existing relationships and track changes o Feeling of commonality o Frequency of communication o Types of communication and interactions Sociogram of Mawakeb Cooperative Purple: MEPI Participants Blue: Non-participants from the same cooperative Social Network Analysis of Women’s Groups

Participants of focus group discussions and social network analysis survey

Focus group discussions and observations revealed:  Increased comfort and abilities to share views and ideas in group/public setting  Greater buy-in and commitment to cooperative objectives  Greater care & commitment to fellow cooperative members  Greater sense of commitment and influence in community-at-large issues Research Findings “Yes, we have become more confident as we have more courage to share our opinion."

 Work through women’s groups/cooperatives  Maintain the group's ownership of the learning process  Utilize mentors and peer-to-peer models  Farmer’s Five Skills Sets  Understand the context (including capacity and network dynamics) Research Recommendations

Activity 2: Technology Evaluation & Adoption (water harvesting) To calculate costs and benefits of planting barley under water harvesting techniques in the project. To assess the rate of adoption of water harvesting technologies and identifying main constraints that limit the adoption process in the low rainfall areas of Jordan through using ADOPT software. Objectives:

Methodology 1. Benefit/Cost Analysis 2. Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT)

Results

ADOPT The innovations being discussed included the water harvesting Vallerani system(Contour ridges), Marabs, cisterns, and water harvesting for rangeland shrub and barley growth, which have been studied over many years in the Jordanian Badia.

How does ADOPT work? ADOPT is structured around four categories of influences on adoption: - Characteristics of the innovation - Characteristics of the target population - Relative advantage of using the innovation - Learning of the relative advantage of the innovation. ADOPT users respond to qualitative and quantitative questions for each of twenty-two variables influencing adoption. Going through this process also leads to increased knowledge about how the variables relate to each other, and how they influence adoption and diffusion.

FG Meeting with WLI researchers team FG meeting with WLI farmers

Predicted Adoption Curve (interviewed with project Researchers) Predicted years to peak adoption 12.4 Predicted peak level of adoption 93% Predicted adoption level in 5 years from start 58.3% Predicted adoption level in 10 years from start 92.3%

The level of peak adoption—of the innovations is quite high. According to factors such as: - Farmers’ profit, environmental, -Risk orientations, -Number of farmers expected to benefit from the innovations, -The environmental and profit advantages, - The ease and convenience of implementation and use, -The risk and investment costs, -the relative advantage—and therefore the

Constraints determines the time to peak adoption. The farmers skills and networks, the trialability of the innovations, combined with the relative advantage of the innovations make up the population’s ability to learn about the innovations, factor of short-term financial constraints determines the time to peak adoption.

Sensitivity Analysis of adoption curve (interviewed with project Researchers)

Adopt with Farmers group: The peak adoption rate for water harvesting technologies in the Jordanian Badia is predicted to be 95% after a period of 11.9 years. Predicted Adoption Curve (interviewed with farmers)

Size of the up-front cost of the investment relative to the potential annual benefit from using the innovation, The proportion of the target population need to develop substantial new skills and knowledge to use the innovation, The easiness of the innovation (or significant components of it) be trialled on a limited basis before a decision is made to adopt it on a larger scale Short-term financial constraints determines the time to peak adoption. Constraints determines the time to peak adoption by farmers groups

Conclusion Water-harvesting practices, which capture and concentrate surface runoff for crops or shrubs, can help to re-establish the productive functioning of degraded Badia environments. Benefit cost ration (B/C) of planting barley with water harvesting gave highest value compared with farmer practice of planting barley at 3.4 as opposed 1.25 for planting barley the traditional way. Since the size of the up-front cost of the investment relative to the potential annual benefit from using the innovation, is a mojor constraint for the adoption of the WH, government support is very crucial for the sustainability of the technologies.

Thank you Research Team MembersInstitutions Socio-economic Component Dr. Samia Akroush/Team LeaderNCARE Eng.Omar Abdul HadiNCARE Eng. Omamah HadidiNCARE Eng. Lana Abo NwarNCARE Eng.Malek Abo RomanNCARE Eng. Shireen KokashNCARE Dr. Boubaker DhehibiICARDA