The Beginning of Civilization: EARLY AGRICULTURE Chapter Two Section One

Where are we? 8,000 BC 10,000 BC Last Ice Age Ends Grow their own crops

Birth of Farming 12,000 years ago Adaptations Ice Age ends Start of global warming Ocean levels rise Adaptations Fir trees spread north Large ice age animals Some die out

What might happen if Earth begins to grow colder or warmer?

Modifying the Environment Search for new food Smaller animals to hunt More fishing Modify environment to get food Clear trees and brush New plants = new animals

Domesticating Plants and Animals Change the behavior of a population of animals or plants in ways that are useful for humans This marks the birth of farming Selected seeds of best crops Better food Make more useful Wild tomato Size of animals

Why do you think a shepherd must watch over domesticated sheep as they graze?

First Centers of Agriculture Middle east 10,000 years ago Found seeds from domesticated wheat Spread into Africa, Europe and Indus River Valley Farming in different areas

Wheat and Barley Asia North America Africa Rice South America Australia Maize Millet Sorghum and Yams

Farming as a Lifestyle Early People could be…. Cost of Farming Nomadic hunter-gatherer Farmer Cost of Farming Time and energy Plant, herd Risky Crops could fail Dangerous Bands of nomadic thieves

Why do you think that different crops and animals were domesticated in a different parts of the world?

Farming as a Lifestyle Benefits More food Less land (didn’t have to search) 25 acres = food for year Hunters needed 20,000 acres Permanent residence Villages Mud and straw homes Clothing Fibers from animals and plants for cloth Wool, animal hair, cotton and flax

Chart it Out!!! Benefits of Farming Disadvantages of Farming

Why do you think some people chose to remain hunter-gatherers rather than become farmers?

Farming Changes Life Nomads began to stop wandering Learned to plan for harvest Neolithic agricultural revolution Change in ways of thinking working or living

New Shelters Not moving…….need a place to live Çatalhüyük Permanent home Belongings Çatalhüyük Oldest farming settlement Present day turkey 8,000 years ago 2-story houses Rooftops for street

Surpluses and Specialization Crops and Herds Grew Surplus grows More than you need Farmers got to take a break Learn new things Specialize Craft Trade goods for surplus food Toolmakers, potters, weavers, metalworkers