Vocabulary Review Ch 43 - Mammals

In animals, the characteristic of maintaining a high, constant body temperature through regulation of metabolism and heat loss Endothermy

A gland that is located in the chest of female mammals and that secretes milk Mammary gland

A lineage of amniotes that gave rise to mammals; characterized by skulls that have a single opening in a bone behind the eye socket Synapsid

A lineage of synapsids that were abundant during the late Permian period and gave rise to mammals; characterized by limbs positioned directly beneath the body; some may have been endothermic Therapsid

A mammal that lays eggs Monotreme

Describes organisms that produce eggs that develop and hatch outside the body of the mother Oviparous

Definition Marsupial

Definition Viviparous

A mammal that nourishes its unborn offspring through a placenta inside its uterus Placental mammal

The structure that attaches a developing fetus to the uterus and that enables the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between the mother and the fetus Placenta

A dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration Diaphragm

Any of the four cutting teeth located between the canines in the upper and lower jaws Incisor

A sharp tooth located on either side of both jaws Canine

One of the eight teeth that are located between the molars and the canines Premolar

A large tooth that is located in the back of the mouth and that is used to grind and crush food Molar

The thin plates of keratin that hang from the mouth of some whales; used to filter out water but to retain solids when whales feed Baleen

The first of the four compartments in the stomach of a ruminant mammal Rumen

In some herbivorous animals, a sac usually found at the beginning of the large intestine that acts as a fermentation chamber for plant materials Cecum

The process of using reflected sound waves to find objects; used by animals such as bats Echolocation

An aquatic, fin- footed, carnivorous animal, such as a sea lion, walrus, or seal Pinniped

A hoofed mammal Ungulate

An appendage that can grasp objects, as in a primate’s hand, foots, or tail Prehensile appendage

One of a subgroup of primates that includes monkeys, apes, and humans Anthropoid primate

In primates, a thumb that can touch and move in opposition to the other fingers of the hand Opposable thumb

An ape whose face has little hair and whose hands have nails and complex fingerprints, such as an orangutan, gorilla, or chimpanzee Great ape

In hominids, the condition of being adapted to walk primarily upright on two legs Bipedalism

A member of the family Hominidae of the order Primates; characterized by bipedalism, relatively long lower limbs, and lack of a tail; examples include humans and their ancestors Hominid

One of a subfamily of early hominids that lived between 4.2 million and 1 million years ago; includes the genus Australopithecus and possibly the genus Paranthropus Australopithecine

A member of the genus Homo of the family Hominidae; includes modern humans and closely related extinct species Human