SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

A MANIFESTO FOR NORTH CAROLINA ?

Bernard Lane Red Kite Environment Journal of Sustainable Tourism

The 20 th Century …has made all of us into deep historical pessimists Francis Fukuyama 1992

And, says Fukuyama “Technology makes possible the limitless accumulation of wealth, and thus the satisfaction of an ever expanding human set of desires”

Life since my Grandad was born

Limits to Growth ? The Case for Sustainable Development The 1980s Mrs Brundtland and her Report

1. Holistic Planning – Cross- Sectoral 2. Preserving Ecological Processes 3. Protecting Human Heritage & Biodiversity 4. Long term & Future Generations

The Triple Bottom Line The Precautionary Principle And the USA ?

Shades of Green Deep Greens Arne Naess Gaia Shallow Greens Wise Use

And after 40 years ? Implications Implementing And More Discussions

Sustainable Tourism Begins In Europe – Why ? The numbers – from 25 millions – 1950 To 903 millions – 2007 An industry addicted to Growth

Tourism Impacts (+) Cash Transfers and Employment Creation Happiness and Learning Indirect Conservation ? Academic Journals !

Tourism Impacts (-) On the Physical Environment On local, regional, and sometimes, national culture and society Via the Tourism Product Cycle Via the Transport Process

So What is Sustainable Tourism ? A Management System or Approach Seeks Balance; Seeks Thought Seeks Behavioural Change Thinks Holistically

Progress Definitions – we know what it is Series of Management Techniques Lots of Projects Local / National Strategies Drawn up

Certification Programmes Tried Indicators Tried Ethics and Concepts tested Discussions. Quite a lot of Greenwash

PLUS A whole generation of academics The Journal of Sustainable Tourism OVERALL A first phase

Why is it taking so long ? The Business – in denial ?? The Ecotourism Trap Government Weakness Society & the Community

PLUS The Market and the Nature of Holiday Making Those ACADEMICS And Look at the Smoking Habit

WHY NOW ? Climate Change and the Transport Dilemma Greed replaced by Fear Status Quo gives way to Uncertainty A New Wave Builds

What has been done At National Level Regional & Local Levels Accommodation In Transport In Heritage Conservation In Marketing and Planning

AND North Carolina ?? A University Role ? Cross sector Partnerships – Why ? Know the Possibilities Know and select Markets Support Risk Takers Leaders Determination

But HOW ?? Political Support – Insiders / Outsiders Jealousy and Example Media Support Understanding the Marketing Drivers Finance Technical Expertise and Contacts

Tangibles Create a Network of Doers and Thinkers Write a Manifesto for Action Get Support Nothing Succeeds like Success

THEN Food Heroes Test a Strategy in 1 or 2 areas: engaging community & business Work with selected Accommodation Providers

And Take The Train – but be careful Create Heritage Regions Try a Werfenwang Re-jig your marketing

Play to Your Strengths Close to Home Can be done by Car Enjoyment – Slow Southern Comfort ? Relish the Challenge

REMEMBER This is more than just a technique, it is: A TOURISM THAT WILL CARRY ON, THAT WILL ENDURE, and CONTRIBUTE NOURISH and TOLERATE Macbeth