Nervous System Lets begin!. TERMINOLOGY (cover + 203)  Neuro-bi-  Astro-af-  Micr(o)-ef-  Uni-Multi-  Pia Oligo-  -glia (glue)dendr(o)-  Gangli-mening-

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Presentation transcript:

Nervous System Lets begin!

TERMINOLOGY (cover + 203)  Neuro-bi-  Astro-af-  Micr(o)-ef-  Uni-Multi-  Pia Oligo-  -glia (glue)dendr(o)-  Gangli-mening-  Sens-moto-

INTRODUCTION  The nervous system consists of two sections.

INTRODUCTION  1. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  All the nerves that go out into the body.

PNS

INTRODUCTION  2. Central Nervous system (CNS)  BRAIN  SPINAL CORD

CNS

FUNCTIONS (4)  1. Respond to external and internal environment.  (temp, acidity)

FUNCTIONS (4)  2. Integration of sensory information. (make sense of stuff)

FUNCTIONS (4)  3. Coordination of voluntary AND involuntary activities.

FUNCTIONS (4)  4. Regulation of the body (homeostasis)

NERVOUS TISSUE

Nervous tissue  High energy user  Don’t really reproduce

Neuroglia or glial  NON-conducting!  Job is protect, support, and nourish neurons.

Nervous tissue  There are four types of neuroglia cells. A, B, and C are in CNS. D is found on the PNS.

Neuroglia  A. Astrocytes:  Nourish neurons  Connects neurons to capillaries (oxygen and nutrient)

Neuroglia  B. Oligodendrocytes: improve conduction for neurons. (Create myelin)

Oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia  C. Microglia: Small, phagocytes (eat particles) clean things up

Neuroglia  D. Schwann Cells: improve conduction (myelinate nerves)

Schwann Cells

Neurons

Neurons  Carry impulses to AND from the CNS.

Neurons  SKIP STRUCTURE, go right to function.

Neurons  Three classified types of neurons:  Sensory Neurons  Associative (inter neurons)  Motor Neurons

Sensory Neurons  Transfer message from receptors PNS to CNS. (3 types of receptors)

Sensory Neurons  Exteroceptors: External, or on surface. (eyes, ears, skin ~ sense environment)

Sensory Neurons  Propioceptors: Involved in balance and tension (muscles)

Sensory Neurons  Interoceptors: Internal (digestion, hunger, excretion, heart, breathing)

Inter-neurons  ONLY IN CNS!!!!  Link sensory to motor

Motor neurons  Message from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)

 Let us put it together!  Roman Candle time.

NEURON STRUCTURE

COLOR CODE TIME  PLEASE COLOR CODE THE NEURON ON PAGE 4.  Color d, g, h, I, j, k, l and cell body

CELL BODY  AKA Soma  Contains nucleus, neuroplasm, nissl bodies.

Nissl Bodies  Clusters of ribosomes (energy/protein makers)

Dendrites  Receive signals, impulse carried towards cell body.  Afferent process. (Carry toward)

Axon  Carries outgoing signals (away from cell body = Efferent process  Can branch to touch many fibers.

Myelin  Insulated lipid that improves impulse speed.  White in appearance

Myelin  A. White matter: White appearance from myelin CNS

Myelin  B. Gray matter: No myelin, outer part of brain (cortex) and some CNS

Neurilemma  Thin membrane that surrounds axon in PNS.  If nerve has neurilemma it CAN regenerate!

Node of Ranvier  Gaps between glial cells where myelin is not complete.  Saltatory conduction= jump from node to node.

Schwann cell  Neuroglia cells which add myelin to axons of the PNS