Identifying Gender Bias in Spending Allocations: the case of Scottish Modern Apprenticeships Emily Thomson Economic Studies and International Business.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Evaluation of ESF Support for Roma integration Dominique Bé EURoma, 10 November 2011, Budapest.
Advertisements

Building on Experience Madeleine Starr Carers UK.
Higher Level Apprenticeships. Current Position SVQ Level 4&5 MA Frameworks been around and used in Scotland since 2009 Lead the way across UK for recognising.
Scottish Modern Apprenticeship Group (MAG) Presenter Paul McGuiness Commissioning Manager, Skills Programmes 26 th March 2013.
The Sector Skills Council for the Environmental and Land-based Sector Working in the land-based sector Madge Moore National Director - England Lantra Sector.
Improving Womens Economic Position and Local Economic Problems at a time of Recession ANGELA OHAGAN.
Southampton City Council Lydia Wilton. Our Location Southampton.
Looking forward to new vocational qualifications and the Sector Skills Agreement … for the Libraries, Archives and Information Services workforce Liz Bevins.
WOMEN & WORK: LOCAL, NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES.
NHS European Office Accessing EU structural funding Michael Wood, European Policy Manager 14 th August.
SDS Update Karen Murray Lantra Conference 9 th December 2014.
European Social Fund Evaluation in Italy Stefano Volpi Roma, 03 maggio 2011 Isfol Esf Evaluation Unit Human Resources Policies Evaluation Area Rome, Corso.
Danish Association for Flexible Learning & e-learning (FLUID) Building the skills planning model Chris Brodie Lead Head of Sector Development 24th.
Careers in industry: mentorship, internship, recruitment, transparency Elizabeth Pollitzer, Portia Ltd Women for Smart Growth Digital Agenda Assembly,
UK Vocational Education and Apprenticeship: the good, the bad, and the ugly? Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin TUC Seminar November 22nd 2010.
Opportunities for Women in Non-Traditional Employment Sustaining Equitable Pathways for Women into Nontraditional Occupations.
Dr. Ewa Ruminska-Zimny Director, Gender and Economy Programme, UNECE “The Challenges of Engendering Economics – Way towards Social Justice and Equal Opportunities”
Scottish Modern Apprenticeships
MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY LONDON | DUBAI | MAURITIUS | INDIA MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY LONDON | DUBAI | MAURITIUS Employer strategies and connections between employers.
Apprenticeships in England Presented by Andrew Barlow International Skills Development Manager.
National Apprenticeship Service (NAS) Presented by Cathryn Henry, Employer Accounts Manager How Apprenticeships & Skills can support Councils’ Priorities.
NLAO – Active Inclusion of Young People 15 November 2010 Birmingham Apprenticeship Scheme (BAS) Graham Edwards, WNF Strategy & Implementation Manager Janet.
All images © Mat Wright Apprenticeships in England April 2014 Geoff Fieldsend
E quality between Women and Men in the EU: recent developments 11th LPR Network seminar Tallinn, September 2014 Muriel Bissières, European Commission.
Active labour market instruments focusing on women Martina Maurer Department of active labour market policy for women PES Austria 15. November 2012.
1 The Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development Managing Authority for Sectoral Operational Programme for Human Resources Development.
Skills for Business network - working in partnership – 20 April 2007 Aileen Ponton Head of Policy Development, Scotland, SSDA.
Liz Catterson Learning disability Coordinator. Why do we need a Framework?  Record levels of employment  Massive levels of investment BUT  Clusters.
Fiesal Bacchus Employer Account Manager National Apprenticeship Service A New Era For Apprenticeships.
Apprenticeships In England Presented by Mark Howard 22 November 2012.
Welcome Leicester & Leicestershire’s European Structural Fund Programme th September 2014.
Lifelong Learning UK Jennies Capewell Sector Engagement Advisor, South East & London.
Do We Have a Learning and Skills Sector in Scotland? Jim Gallacher Centre for Research in Lifelong Learning Glasgow Caledonian University.
IASE National Conference Towards a Comprehensive Employment Strategy for People with Disabilities Dermot Mulligan Head of Labour Force Development Division,
Introducing the Sectors and Provider Responsiveness Team Lee Thomas Skills Development Manager 20 th September 2007.
Skills that Work for Wales A skills and employment strategy Jon Waters Skills Strategy team, WAG.
The gender pay gap in large, non-public organisations in the UK
Construction Skills Investment Plan Tayside Construction Forum 02 September 2015.
Collaborating across the UK- the work of ALMA Jane Robinson ALMA Co-ordinator.
Salford Futures 2013/14 Evaluation John Reehill Dave Timperley.
Equality:Changing Landscape Best Value and Equalities Conference November 2007.
Recognition of Prior Learning for Individuals and Organisations Andy Gibbs October 2013.
Developing Apprenticeships (24) KCC / YPLA Strategy & Funding Briefing Developing Apprenticeships Lucy-Ann Bett.
Commission for Developing Scotland’s Young Workforce Interim Recommendations and Further Work 1.
Advice on Data Used to Measure Outcomes Friday 20 th March 2009.
Apprenticeships Trransforming the future Clare Bonson.
Changes in the context of evaluation and assessment: the impact of the European Lifelong Learning strategy Romuald Normand, Institute of Education Lyon,
Equality and diversity good practice fund: Inclusive Apprenticeships 16 October 2015 Chris Brill, Senior Policy Adviser
Traineeships in Greater Manchester 23 rd May 2014 Welcome.
23 rd November, 2015 Franz Wolfmayr, EASPD president eb.at
Enhancing Employer Engagement in the Design and Development of Effective Skills Solutions Amman, Jordan 8-9 September 2015 Presentation 9 th September.
Yvonne Strachan December  Demonstrated leadership  Strong strategic, legislative and policy framework  Examples and models of women in leadership.
Learning and Skill Council(LSC) A planning and funding body for vocational education and training in UK Presented by Silas, Poon Kwong-fai.
All images © Mat Wright Enhancing Employer Engagement in the Design & Development of Effective Skills Solutions Amman 8-9 September
UK Commission for Employment & Skills Katherine Chapman – Assistant Director UK Commission for Employment and Skills.
ChildONEurope Seminar Current EU Framework for addressing child poverty and well-being Julie Bélanger, Research Leader 26 November 2015.
Social Europe "More women in the workforce – making sense for business and the economy" Wallis Goelen, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Dublin.
11 The European Social Fund & Gender Equality The French Evaluation Report (2010) JOINT COCOF AND ESF TWG MEETING February 13-14, 2012.
Embedding Equalities in Workbased Learning Pathways Emma Bolger NTP Equalities Adviser (and co-sponsored PhD student)
STUC – SG Biannual – June 2013 Employment in Scotland is increasing and unemployment is decreasing. Scotland is outperforming the UK on all headline labour.
Aiming Higher Renfrewshire 16 June 2016 Paul Zealey, Skills Planning Lead.
Liverpool City Region Employment and Skills opportunities 5th July 2016 Rob Tabb.
Skills Investment Plan - refresh. Skills Investment Plan In the Scottish Government’s Economic and Skills Strategies Clearly articulated statement of.
Modern Apprenticeships
Reflections on Implementing Gender Budgeting
Gender Equality Ex post evaluation of the ESF ( )
SQA Accreditation Event – Scottish Skills and Apprenticeships
Clare Dunne 17th December, 2002
Main results from the Interreg IVC Capitalisation project Winnet8
Workforce Disability at TfL
Presentation transcript:

Identifying Gender Bias in Spending Allocations: the case of Scottish Modern Apprenticeships Emily Thomson Economic Studies and International Business Glasgow Caledonian University –

page 2 Modern Apprenticeships Publicly funded training programme Target group is year olds SVQ/work based qualification Traditional and non-traditional frameworks Key labour market entry point ‘Flagship’ policy in intermediate skills

page 3 MA delivery/responsibilities Funding - Scottish Government/Skills Development Scotland (SDS set up in 2008) Marketing/promotion and development of frameworks – SDS/Sector Skills Councils Accreditation – Scottish Qualification Authority Delivery – Training providers/FE colleges/employers Public Sector Duties to promote equality

Gender and MAs SWBG 2002 – low participation of women and occupational segregation EOC launches UK Gender Formal Investigation (GFI) in September 2003 GFI Scotland reports February sectors – childcare (EYC&E), ICT, construction, engineering and plumbing Occupational segregation found to be severe page 4

Female Participation page 5

Occupational Segregation 1 page 6 Occupation% female 2005 % female 2010 % change Construction0.7%1.6%+0.9% Early Years Care and Education 98.5%97.9%-0.6% Engineering2.4%2.6%+0.2% Plumbing0.4%0.9%+0.5% ICT49.7%20.7%-29%

Occupational Segregation 2 Traditional versus non-traditional - McIntosh (2007) – average wage increase for construction MA 32%, retail MAs have no effect on wages (England) Walker and Zhu (2007) – men can expect an wage increase of just over 20%, women can expect just under 10%, after completion of MA Fong and Phelps (2008) – 21% gender pay gap in English apprenticeships page 7

GFI Recommendations Relevant data should be in the public domain Positive action on promoting industries to ‘a- typical’ candidates Actions to promote desegregation – collective responsibility of all stakeholders ‘Business case’ to be made by Local Enterprise Companies and Sector Skills Councils/Bodies NATIONAL STRATEGY page 8

Action? Scottish Executive set up Cross Directorate Occupational Segregation Working Group - no recommendations made on MAs SDS - Equality Impact Assessment of National Training Programmes November 2010 Apprenticeship Summits 2009 (no mention of gender) and 2011 (v little discussion of gender) page 9

Equality Impact Assessment National Training Programmes: Equality Impact Assessment & Action Plan (November 2010) 3 equalities groups (BME, disabled, women) Literature review does not consider GFI although their consultation makes similar observations Key elements of strategy and action plan – employer engagement, workplace support and mentoring, promotion of NTPs and equalities training for providers, partners and SDS staff page 10

Resource Allocation In 2010 SDS spent £57.6m on MAs Research suggests gender bias in spending between traditional and non-traditional frameworks and between ‘young’ and ‘adult’ Modern Apprentices (Campbell et al 2009) Customer service £3000, engineering and gas £9000 ( years) Construction years £7500, 20+ years £3500 page 11

Funding Commitments Scottish Government suspends funding for adult MAs (new starts) from 2008 except in construction and engineering 'Adopt/Safeguard/Invest in An Apprentice' ‘Refreshed’ Skills Strategy 2010 – 20,000 new MAs (5000 all-age) to be funded in Draft Budget ,000 Modern Apprenticeships in page 12

Issues to consider... Methodology – Rake (2000) identifying the target group and beneficiaries?? Lack of publically available data Economic context – recession, spending restraint Policy context - increasing numbers of apprentices but little emphasis on outcomes Accrediting existing skills is not value added, gender audit can help to address this page 13

Conclusions Modern Apprenticeships could be a force for positive change Large evidence base in terms of gender Lack of available data on funding and MA pay rates Example of policy where lack of action has meant investment of public funds biased towards men Alternative investment in women’s skills??? page 14

References Campbell J, Gillespie M, McKay A and Meikle A (2009) ‘Jobs for the Boys and the Girls: Promoting a Smart Successful Scotland three years on’, Scottish Affairs 66, Winter Fong B and A Phelps (2008) ‘Apprenticeship Pay: 2007 Survey of Earnings by Sector’ DUIS Research Report McIntosh S (2007) ‘A Cost Benefit Analysis of Apprenticeship and Other Vocational Qualifications’ DfES Research Report RR834 Rake, K (2000) ‘Into the mainstream? Why gender audit is an essential tool for policymakers’, New Economy, Vol. 7 No. 2 Walker, I and Y Zhu (2007) ‘The Labour Market Effects of Qualifications’ Glasgow: Futureskills Scotland page 15