ENS 501G English Phonetics II English Phonetics II In linguistics, as you would expect, we talk about language quite a lot. Normally, language does not.

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Presentation transcript:

ENS 501G English Phonetics II English Phonetics II In linguistics, as you would expect, we talk about language quite a lot. Normally, language does not talk about itself. Georg Gadamer, in "Man and Language", has suggested that one of the essential properties of language is that its users are ideally unaware of it. In discussing the price of petrol, people are usually unaware of the words they are speaking and hearing – the train of ideas occupies their conscious minds, or at least the concepts involved are manifested at a higher level of consciousness than the linguistic forms. But when discussing and writing about linguistics we are applying language to itself, and the train of ideas consciously moves into areas which are normally unconscious. This produces some interesting effects.

ENS 501G English Phonetics II English Phonetics II Segmental phonology Word prosody Sentence prosody Discourse prosody Metrical prosody intensity (loudness) pitch (intonation) Etymonline Etymonline (look up segment) (Look up prosody)

Segmental phonology ban Features: manner: plosive place: bilabial voicing: voiced manner: nasal place: alveolar voicing: voiced manner: vowel place: front place: open voiced unrounded

lips togetherphonation (voicing) nasal passage open tongue on alveolar ridge Segmental phonology ban

Segmental phonology Are phonemes “really there”? Do illiterate language users segment language? The “idealism” of phonology

nasal passage open lips together Segmental phonology h0um diphthong starting mid-centtre and moving towards close back phonation (voicing)

Features which span more than one segment are known as suprasegmental features Prosody as a complex of suprasegmental features

A suprasegmental feature: intensity

A suprasegmental feature: pitch

Intensity and pitch shown together

Segmental phonology Word prosody Sentence prosody Discourse prosody Metrical prosody intensity (loudness) pitch (intonation) Prosody Etymonline Etymonline (look up prosody)

Word Prosody In any word, only one syllable takes the main stress. penny deny photograph photography

Word Prosody Cockfosters Embankment Edgware Road Googe Street Bakerloo Heathrow Marble Arch Marylebone Monument Picadilly Southgate South Hamstead Southampton Westminster Avonbridge Aberdeen

Word Prosody Roach, chapters 10 and 11 Handout on Word Stress

Word prosody Sentence prosody Discourse prosody Metrical prosody intensity (loudness) pitch (intonation) Prosody

Sentence Prosody Word categories (Parts of Speech) Weak syllables and weak forms Tone Group (Intonation Phrase) Nucleus and nucleus position Tones on the nucleus Preheads, Heads and Tails

Word prosody Sentence prosody Discourse prosody Metrical prosody intensity (loudness) pitch (intonation) Prosody

Discourse Prosody Old and new information Broad and Narrow Focus Deaccentuation

Word prosody Sentence prosody Discourse prosody Metrical prosody intensity (loudness) pitch (intonation) Prosody

Metrical Prosody Old Germanic metre Classical English metres Modern poetry