FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 ATM DATA LINK APPLICATIONS M J A Asbury ATSDL_001_4 01 Presentation ATN 2.3

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The objective of this presentation is to describe the main air/ground applications of the developing data link based Air Traffic System (ATS). (The use of data links allows the ATS to achieve its performance goals relating to safety, capacity and the expeditious movement of air traffic while reducing the requirement for voice communication and spectrum demand.) Presentation Objectives This presentation is based on material in the ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694) ATSDL_001_4 02

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002, Satellite Communications Satellite Navigation Terrestrial Navigation Ground/ground Communications ATCC ATCO Ground/earth Station Radar ATCO Just some of the elements of a data link based ATS Introduction to ATS Data Link Applications Flight Deck Crew ATSDL_001_4 03

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The ICAO Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694) defines a Data Link Application as “the implementation of data link technology to achieve specific Air Traffic Management (ATM) operational functionalities” What are ATS Data Link Applications?... ATSDL_001_4 04

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 In Summary  An ‘Operational Requirement’ is defined as -  An ‘Operational Requirement’ is defined as - ‘A statement of the operational attributes of a system needed for the effective and/or efficient provision of air traffic servers to users’  Operational Requirements -  Ensure that the needs of the ATC system are met  Are not always technical in nature  May be achieved by procedural or staffing actions ATS Data Link Applications have been developed by ICAO in line with Operational Requirements ATSDL_001_4 05

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 DATA LINK INITIATION CAPABILITY (DLIC) ATSDL_002_401

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The Need for DLIC DLIC provides the necessary information to enable data link communications between ATC ground and aircraft systems. It is an aircraft initiated application calls Aircraft calls ATCC, giving type of data link applications requested, and on-board technical addresses ATCC replies replies, informing of applications supported ATSDL_002_4 02

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002  Update Updating of previously co- ordinated information  Contact Instruction to perform data link initiation with another specified ground system  Logon –Data Link application initiation and, if required, flight plan association and, if required, DLIC Functions (THE DLIC PROVIDES THE NECESSARY INFORMATION TO ENABLE DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN ATC GROUND AND AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS)  Dissemination Local dissemination of information  Ground Forwarding Ground/ground forwarding of logon information ATSDL_002_4 03

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Under normal operations, the aircraft will initiate the DLIC dialogue with a ground station, and the ground station will terminate it Final ‘GOODBYE’ DLIC Initiation/Termination Initial ‘HELLO’’ ATSDL_002_4 04

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Ground/Ground Forwarding Air/ground dialogue with single ATSU Multiple ground/ground dialogues The ground system initially contacted by the aircraft should be able to pass the relevant information to another ground station, using ground/ground links. ATSDL_002_4 05

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Benefits from the Use of DLIC ( Maintains a standard procedure for connecting to ATS Units ( Achieves global interoperability through development of ICAO SARPs ( Minimises use of ‘bits on the line’ ( Allows flexibility of operation, using only those services which are required ( Permits the rapid relay of aircraft information ATSDL_002_4 06

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE (ADS) ATSDL_003_4 01

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 ADS is a surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four dimensional position, and additional data as appropriate What is ADS? ATSDL_003_4 02

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 What Does ADS Do? The ADS application is designed to give automatic reports from an aircraft to a ground system. The aircraft provides the information to the ground system in four ways, namely -  on demand  when triggered by an event  on a periodic basis  in an emergency (when initiated by the pilot) ATSDL_003_4 03

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 EFFECTIVE REPORTING NAVIGATION SATELLITES COMMUNICATION SATELLITES GROUND BASED NAVIGATION AIDS GROUND EARTH STATION ATSU POSITION INFORMATION SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK Elements Of An ADS System ATSDL_003_4 04

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 ADS Functional Overview The ADS application allows-  the implementation of reporting agreements, established exclusively by the ground (except in emergency - see below)  information to be exchanged between the ground system and the aircraft  aircraft originated emergency reporting agreements ATSDL_003_405

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The controller will be aware of the contracts requested Contract Transmission.... The ground system will transmit the appropriate contracts to the aircraft..... ATSU SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK ATSDL_003_4 06

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The aircraft will confirm acceptance of theADS contract to the ground system (by sending the information requested, in the case of a demand contract)....and Acknowledgement ATSU SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK The flight deck will be unaware of the contracts requested x ATSDL_003_407

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Basic Report Contents POSITION (Lat/Long) Altitude/ Level Time ATSDL_003_408 Position Accuracy (FOM)

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Aircraft Compliance - Most Recent Information The controller must be provided with the most up to date ADS derived information N01000W N01000W N01000W N01000W N01000W AIRCRAFT LOG Most up to date information ATSDL_003_409

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 GNSS fails - FOM changes Figure of Merit (FOM) Change POSITION HIGHLY ACCURATE USING GNSS < 1 NM ACCURACY DEPENDENT ON RANGE FROM START OR UPDATE POSITION ACCURACY DECREASES WITH TIME USING ON- BOARD INS/IRS X Event Report sent ATSDL_003_410 and

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The system should provide for a pilot- initiated emergency indication. Pilot Initiated Emergency Mode. ADS Emergency PRESS.. ATSDL_003_411

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 The aircraft will be capable of supporting contracts with at least four ATS ground systems simultaneously. ADS Contract Requirements - Ground Station Operations FIR ‘A’ FIR ‘B’ FIR ‘D’ FIR ‘C’ AIRCRAFT TRACK ATSDL_003_

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Slowing to M 0.82 ADS Event Contract Examples Cleared Level Threshold Level Change Event M 0.78 Speed Change Event 50N 20W Waypoint Change Event Cleared Track Heading or Track Change Event ATSDL_003_4 13

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Flight Conformance (Lateral, Longitudinal and Vertical Deviation Monitoring) Vertical Limits Longitudinal Limits Lateral Limits ATSDL_003_4 14

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Benefits from the use of ADS ( Provides surveillance in remote and oceanic areas ( Facilitates reduction of separation minima ( Better accommodates user-preferred trajectories ( Enhances flight safety ( Enhances pilot and controller productivity ( Reduces R/T traffic and frequency congestion ( Enables a greater degree of ATS automation ATSDL_003_4 15

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATION (CPDLC) ATSDL_004_4 01

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Generic Operational Requirement ‘A data link based Air Traffic System must include the capability to exchange messages between the pilot and the controller.’ (Manual of ATS Data Link Applications - ICAO Doc 9694) ATSDL_004_4 02

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 CPDLC allows two way communication between pilot and controller, but using data link rather than voice What does CPDLC Do? Data Link ATSDL_004_403

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 EFFECTIVE CONTROL Elements Of A CPDLC System GROUND EARTH STATION ATSU SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK 202_1008

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Compatibility with Voice Phraseology ‘The CPDLC Application must include a set of clearance/information/request message elements which correspond to voice phraseology employed by ATC procedures’ ICAO CPDLC Message Set ICAO Doc 4444 PANS/RAC ATSDL_004_4 04

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Controllers and Pilots will use CPDLC in conjunction with existing voice communications Complementary to Voice Operations Data link + Voice Routine Messages Non-routine Messages ATSDL_004_4 05

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 CPDLC Message A CPDLC Message is composed of - a.The Message Header, plus b.Message Element 1, plus (optionally) c.Message Element 2, plus (optionally) d.Message Element 3, plus (optionally) e.Message Element 4, plus (optionally) f.Message Element _1007

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 CPDLC Message Element Message Element The Message Element consists of - a.The message element identifier (from ICAO list) b.Data (with parameter values, if applicable) c.Message attributes (Urgency, Alert & Response) What is actually sent is just the message element number and parameters, e.g. ‘ ’, which the pilot sees as - ‘Descend to reach FL280 by 1158Z’ ATSDL_004_4 10

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 CPDLC is merely a CPDLC is merely a means of communication between a and a, between a controller and a pilot, using, using data link technology, in order to facilitate better in order to facilitate better Air Traffic Management CPDLC Functionality ATSU SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK ATSDL_004_4 07

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Data Authority (DA): a ground system permitted to exchange CPDLC messages with an aircraft ATSDL_004_4 08 What is a Data Authority? GROUND EARTH STATION SATCOM LINK Controllers (People) Telecommunications and data processing (Systems) Pilots (People)

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Benefits from the Use of CPDLC ( To improve SAFETY by - *Reducing risk of controller-aircrew misunderstandings *Reducing congestion on voice channels *Reducing risk of failure in the transfer of information ( To improve ATM EFFICIENCY by - *Increasing controller/aircrew productivity *Enabling automation *Providing concise and precise exchanges between controller and aircrew *Reducing the voice communication workload ATSDL_004_4 09

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 DATA LINK FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICES DFIS ATSDL_005_4 01

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 What Does DFIS Do? Flight Information Services (FIS) are provided to the pilot to increase flight awareness and to enhance safety of flight The Data Link FIS (DFIS) application allows the pilot to request and receive FIS from ground systems via data link ATSDL_005_402

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 DFIS is a pilot initiated application Elements of a DFIS System GROUND EARTH STATION ATSU SATCOM LINK VHF COM LINK CENTRAL MET OFFICE Met Office Airfield ATSDL_005_4 03

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 DFIS Functions  The DFIS application is the route through which many flight-related services, currently supplied to the pilot by voice, may be provided in digital form.  This includes information which -  may currently be provided to the crew at the flight briefing stage and is presently not updated,or  may not be updated as often as both user and provider would wish ATSDL_005_4 04

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 DFIS User Services  Services making use of the DFIS application could include -  Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)  Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR)  Windshear Advisory Service  Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM)  Runway Visual Range Service (RVR)  Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF)  Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET) ATSDL_005_4 05

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Each Service of the DFIS should be capable of being accessed separately, used independently of others, and at the pilot’s discretion. Independent Access of Service CENTRAL MET OFFICE DFIS ATIS NOTAMS METARS + + ATSDL_005_406

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002  Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) Future DFIS Services will include ~ Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR) Aviation Routine Weather Report Service (METAR) Windshear Advisory Service Windshear Advisory Service Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM) Notice to Airman Service (NOTAM) Runway Visual Range Service (RVR) Runway Visual Range Service (RVR) Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF) Aerodrome Forecast Service (TAF) Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET) Significant Weather Advisory Service (SIGMET) Current DFIS Services ATSDL_005_4 07

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 What is ATIS (Voice or Data Link)? ( ATIS broadcasts are a service provided at aerodromes where there is a requirement to reduce the communications load on the ATS VHF air-ground communications channels. ( ATIS information may be supplied for arriving, or departing aircraft, or both. ( Dissemination of ATIS information is an ATS and not a Met Office responsibility ATSDL_005_4 08

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 D-ATIS - Compatibility with Voice SATCOM LINK VOICE COM LINK IDENTICAL ATIS INFORMATION DATA COM LINK GROUND EARTH STATION ATSDL_005_409 The contents of voice and data link ATIS will be identical, and updated at the same time

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Benefits from the Use of DFIS ( The benefits arising from the use of a data link based FIS include - *Improved Flight Safety *Improved Flight economy *Increased aircrew/controller productivity *Reduced ambiguity in transmitted information *Enhanced automation - e.g. ‘Contract’ functionality *Increased accessibility to updated information *Reduced voice traffic congestion ATSDL_005_410

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 Main Applications Covered The applications which have been covered in this presentation are -  Data link Initiation Capability (DLIC)  Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)  Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)  Data Link Flight Information Service (DFIS) ATSDL_007_401

FAA Presentation to CAR/SAM ATN/GNSS Seminar, Varadero, Cuba, May 2002 ATS AIR/GROUND DATA LINK APPLICATIONS THANK YOU FOR VIEWING THIS PRESENTATION ATSDL_007_4 02