Clips Hypnosis real or not! Freud’s unconscious mind 7 mins Freud Road to the unconscious 7.19 mins 12xU&list=PLBRaNHh0oDGNneD_rGeJV0Fv6e6dX_7i2&index=3https:// 12xU&list=PLBRaNHh0oDGNneD_rGeJV0Fv6e6dX_7i2&index=3 Power of unconscious mind 4.47 mins Jungs Collective Ucs 2 mins Jungs Collective Ucs 2 What is the subconscious mind? – Religious against 8 mins DB Marketing

Adrian Scott MSc Senior MBACP Accredited

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My Training Diploma in Psychodynamic Counselling 1995 Highgate Counselling Centre (Ex WPF) Apprenticeship Model – Own therapy Unconscious life!

My Experience MBACP Senior Accredited Counsellor MBACP Senior Accredited Supervisor for Individuals and Groups Managed Counselling services in Voluntary Sector Providence Row, Brent MIND, Southwark Carers, Phasca, CNWL PCT, Minster Centre, Survivorsuk, MiE, MiH Bereaved, Homeless, Mental health, Carers

Expert Not a guru or unconscious expert Do not know everything Ideas to be Debated / Challenged

Other City Literary Courses Introduction to Psychodynamic Counselling Working with Bereavement Living through Bereavement

Morning Session 10.40Introduction Icebreaker Exercise 11.40Break 12.00History & Theory of the Unconscious 1pm Lunch

Afternoon Session 2pm Unconscious Exercise /Mindfulness Group 2.45pmBreak 3pmHistory & Theory of the Unconscious 3.30 Case Examples - Video 4.15Round Up / Administration 4.30End

Your Experience & Ideas Examples

Learning Outcomes An Understanding of some of the History of the Unconscious An Understanding of some of the Theory of the Unconscious An Understanding of some of your own Unconscious

The Day Wide range of skills in the room Hope you all get something out of it I am not an expert on The Unconscious Encourage you to have your own view

Boundaries Look after yourselves the Unconscious can be a difficult and emotive subject Do not say anything you do not want to say. This is not a therapy group! Confidentiality Agreement - All information should be kept to this room and with this group of people.

Icebreaker Exercise Ask Your Colleague: 1. What brought you here? 2. What is your interest and experience of the subject? 3. What do you want from the day? You will be asked to briefly and concisely to report back what your colleague has told you to the group, and check with your colleague how you did!

What do you want from the Day? Are there any Topics, Issues, that you would like to focus or discuss today? Write on flip chart

The Theory Tool Guide

History Overview Ancient cultures Magnetism Dynamic Psychiatry Hypnotism

Theory Overview Freud How the Unconscious works Nervous System Dreams Freud’s Dream Carl Jung

Introduction to the Unconscious How do I introduce the unconscious? Like air – feel but not see? Light and shadow? We are hidden to ourselves Scepticism – it doesn’t exist?

Use of Unconscious Can be used by anyone A reason to rationalise their own or other people’s bad behaviour To rationalise strange behaviour and events

Everyday Link to the Unconscious Unconscious / Freud Freudian slip Humour – UK! Dreams Free Association Meditation Childhood Marketing / Selling / Business Self Development

Agreement on what it is? As we go about everyday life Another force or energy Contributes to our decisions

Happy If we are happy the Unconscious becomes less relevant If we are unhappy – modern distractions do not work The unconscious can be a way of understanding upset

Unconscious Revealed? 2 people sitting in a room Talking Cure? No answer – a journey

Unconscious Revealed? One person (practitioner) holds onto their Unconscious Empty Space Other person’s unconscious revealed

Results of revealing the Unconscious ? - No Cure? Not magically happier Able to accept ourselves Accept History we experienced Not told how we experienced history

Environment for Revealing the Unconscious Quiet Calm Slow Gentle Challenging Reflective Not immediate Patience No solution No outcome Takes adjustment – Resistance Frustrating Contrary to 21 st Century culture

Unconscious Unknown No one’s unconscious can be known Not even our own Are we able to reflect on what the unconscious is at any one time?????

History of the Unconscious Been around since human life began Not called Unconscious Familiar to ancient cultures

Recording the History of the Unconscious Oral Histories Recording scientifically relatively modern Recording started around 1770s

Ancient Healers Healers in Ancient Cultures worked with After life Dark Side Spirit World The Unconscious (western male construct)

Shaman Philosophical Teachings/ Treatments Accounts of miracle cures by Shaman Little interest from psychiatrists Interest only to historians /anthropologists

Medicine Man Medicine man seen as superstitious, ignorant Dangerous imposters tricking their people Modern Psychotherapy focused attention on psychological healing (evidence based) Example

Hysteria Strange incomprehensible disease for 2500 years Originated in uterus - later found in men Easily provoked by hypnosis - Cured by hypnosis

Hysteria Theory - frustrated sexual desires Hallucinations & actions of patient under hypnosis re-enactment of psychic trauma Eg escaping dangerous situation Violent sexual events – rape, repressed sexual desires, secret wishes

Hysteria Strange incomprehensible disease for 2500 years Originated in uterus - later found in men Easily provoked by hypnosis - Cured by hypnosis

Creeping towards Freud

The Rapport / Relationship Constant throughout History Relationship between magnetiser and magnetised Word ‘Rapport’ from physics – people in a chain with electricity passing through them Hypnotiser’s Sensitivity to what was being said Patients belief in Hypnotiser

The Rapport / Relationship Big improvement in symptoms under hypnosis Patients feelings towards hypnotiser passionate, maternal love Phase where patient had to be detached from this state

Sexual Psychology In Vienna Sex was Taboo Homosexuality banned Inappropriate relationships with children Sexually deviant behaviour rife Idea that Psychological reasons are at the root of sexual perversions gained ground

Dreams If Dreams were- Light – clear thinking Darkness – unclear thinking Related to parts of the body – flying = lungs Traffic in the street = heart,circulation Recording dreams – to try and direct the dreams

Exploration of the Unconscious Popular with philosophers and ordinary people Backed up by clinical and experimental approaches Objects in dreams related to experiences in the past

Arrival of Freud!

Sigmund Freud Freud was born of Jewish parentage in Freiburg, Moravia the first of seven children. The family moved in 1860 to Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic ) Freud studied medicine at the University of Vienna under Josef Breuer, a Viennese physician. From 1882 to 1886 Freud worked at the General Hospital, and experimented among others with cocaine, also using it himself. He went to Paris in 1885 to study under Jean Martin Charcot at the Salpetriere Hospital. There the hypnotic treatment of women, who suffered from a medical state called ‘hysteria’, led Freud to take an interest in psychiatry.

Freud and the Psychoanalytic Unconscious An iceberg is often used to provide a visual representation of Freud’s theory that most of the human mind operates unconsciously. Conscious mind - ego Unconscious mind Further divided into the id - instincts and drive and the superego – conscience

Unconscious Terms Preconscious Thoughts which are unconscious, but not repressed, able for recall Capable of becoming conscious

Unconscious Terms Ego (I) Mediator Defenses are unconscious Id (It) Instinctive part Unconscious hereditary Innate & Repressed / Acquired through experience – in conflict with ego Super ego (Over-I) Judge censor formation of ideals Parental prohibitions and denials

Diagram of the Unconscious

Mental Iceberg

The Nervous System Happy stimuli reached the nervous system – no reaction remains in a neutral state. An unhappy stimuli provokes a greater reaction with more energy needed to keep it away. Stimuli of anxious energy are repelled by the nervous system only to constantly return and to be again repelled. So stimuli with a command and energy to move your arm, hits the nervous system and discharges its energy through the physical movement of the arm: the nervous system returns to neutral Unhappy thought and feelings keep being repelled by the nervous system and returning to it.

Diagram of the The Nervous System Happy Thoughts Neutral Unhappy Thoughts Energy

Summary of the Nervous System The Nervous System wants to remain NEUTRAL Happy Energy / Thoughts are neutral Unhappy energy / thoughts have ENERGY are not tolerated by the nervous system Bounce off the nervous system to go where? The Unconscious?

Characteristics of the Unconscious The Unconscious is full of energy from unpleasant feelings Always wants to escape to the Conscious Always held back by the Pre Conscious and Conscious

Characteristics of the Unconscious The Unconscious cannot remain unconscious? How does it escape into the conscious? How does it pass by the guards of the pre- conscious and conscious?

Characteristics of the Unconscious

Uses Disguise Opposites / Parallels / Symbols / Metaphors Usually some connection to original idea

Example – Group Therapy Group members asked about trust in the group One group member says - this group is cold Cries and relates a trauma / talks emotionally Q: How can she trust the group to speak like this?

Example – Group Therapy Group member is a coper/manager expected to manage Sets up family and friends to see her as a coper/manager

Example – Group Therapy Unconsciously set up group to be cold (even though she experiences group as trusting) To remain a coper This had to be pointed out to her as she was unaware of it

Psychoanalysis Psychological theory conceived 19th / early 20th Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, Mostly by some of Freud's students, such as Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Wilhelm Reich Later by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Jacques Lacan

Psychoanalysis Development is determined by events in early childhood by irrational drives; Drives are largely unconscious Making person aware of meets resistance called defense mechanisms Conflicts between conscious and unconscious (repressed) Liberation from the effects of the unconscious is done by making it conscious with a psychoanalyst

Psychoanalysis Patient lies on the couch and talks Analyst - Blank Screen / does not speak Unconscious brought to light by Free Association Dreams Transference / Counter Transference

Psychoanalysis & Archaeology Freud’s Desk

Psychoanalysis Realising the unconscious is like an archaeological dig Brush away the earth to reveal another layer Repeat unconscious ideas to patient at each level - Directions to Jerusalem

Psychoanalysis Transference Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another The inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood Redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object Copying of emotions relating to repressed experiences, especially of childhood, and the substitution of another person... for the original object of the repressed impulses Better understanding of the patient's feelings

Psychoanalysis Transference Transference can form a relationship of Erotic Feelings Rage / Hatred Mistrust Parent / Extreme dependence Putting therapist in a god-like or guru status

Psychoanalysis Counter-Transference Psychoanalyst’s feelings towards the patient Emotional entanglement with a patient. Psychoanalyst’s familiarity own countertransference is as critical as understanding the transference Valuable insight into what patients are attempting to elicit in them.

Counter -Transference Example Psychoanalyst who is sexually attracted to a patient Understand the countertransference aspect (if any) of the attraction, and look at how the patient might be eliciting this attraction. When the countertransference feelings are identified the therapist can ask the patient what his or her feelings are toward the therapist, Can explore how those feelings relate to unconscious motivations, desires, or fears.

Jokes and The Unconscious Stereotype Jokes based on one theory Freud thinks that jokes emerge from an unconscious aggression as a way of bypassing the internal censor Joking is about laughter replacing anxiety and fear A way of expressing unconscious thoughts particularly in public and social situations