Moving On UP The Transition to Faster, Larger More Complex Aircraft Dave Fry, ATP/CFII/MEI/CFIG

Topics Systems Other Differences Learning the New Airplane

Systems Constant Speed Prop Retractable Gear Turbo-Charging Pressurization De-Ice/Anti-Ice Electrical

Systems (Continued) Speed Brakes Radar Turbine Avionics

Constant Speed Prop Automatic Pitch Change for Best Performance Takeoff to Landing Power Settings and “Over Square”

Constant Speed Prop Pitch Change Mechanism To Prop High RPMLow RPM On RPM Oil

Takeoff to Landing Takeoff - High RPM Setting, Full Power Climb - Top of Green X 3 Cruise - Lowest RPM for Desired Power Descent - Reduce Throttle 1 Inch Per Minute Landing - Prop High RPM After Throttle Below ≈18 Inches

Takeoff to Landing Methodology Power Increase - Mixture, Prop, Throttle Power Decrease - Throttle, Prop Mixture

Power Settings High RPM, Low Power - Hardest on Engine High Power, Low RPM - Best if OK by POH “Over Square” - Absolute Fiction

Retractable Gear Types Operation

Types of Retractable Gear Hydraulic - Aztec, most jets Electric - Bonanza, Baron Electric Motor, Hydraulic Pump - Arrow, Cutlass, Centurion, Malibu, Saratoga Armstrong - Older Mooney

Gear Operation Takeoff - No Useable Runway Left, Tap Brakes, Raise Gear Downwind or FAF - Gear Down - Hand on Handle Until Down and Locked Base or 500 Feet - Confirm Down and Locked Short Final - Final Check, Down and Locked

Turbocharging Structure Operation

Turbocharging Structure To Intake Manifold Exhaust

Turbocharging Structure (Continued) To Intake Manifold Exhaust Waste Gate

Turbocharging Operations Power Increases –Normal Until Boost Range –Very Rapid With Tendency to Over Boost –Real Problem When Cold Power Decreases –An Inch a Minute to Avoid Shock Cooling –Plan MUCH Further Ahead

Pressurization Topics Pressurization Operation Pre-Takeoff and Pre-Landing Checklist

Pressurization - Pre Engine Start

Pressurization - Engine Start FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pressurization - Climbout FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pressurization - Climbout 2 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pressurization - Climbout 3 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pressurization - At Selected Altitude 1 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pressurization -At Selected Altitude 2 FI GND FLT DEPRESS PRESS GI Ambient Cabin Vacuum Control Rate Ctl

Pre-Takeoff and Pre-Landing Checklist P.R.A.A.Y. –Pressurization - ON, Set, Zero Differential –Radar - OFF or STANDBY –Autopilot - OFF –Air Conditioner - OFF –Yaw Damper - OFF

Pressurization Controls Climb –Set to Final Altitude Before Takeoff Descent –Set to Assigned Altitude as Descent Begins –Turn Altitude Knob Slowly Until Rate Stabilizes

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Systems Types of Systems Operation

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Systems Pneumatic (Boots) - Wings, Stabilizers Alcohol/Glycol - Prop, Wings, Stabilizers, Windshields Electric - Prop, Windshields, Stall Warning Vanes, Pitot Tubes, Static Ports, AOA Vanes Heated Bleed Air - Engine Air Inlets, Wings

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff

De-Ice/Anti-Ice Operations All Systems at First Sign of Icing Windshields, Probes, and Vanes on Takeoff Tailplane Stall

Electrical Typical System Power Up and Load Shedding

Before Start AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH +

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Battery Master - ON

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Starter Relay

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 On Line

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 2 On Line

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Avionics On

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 Failure

AVIONIC 1 BUSNON ESSENTIAL BUSAVIONIC 2 BUS GEN 2 BUS BATTERY DIRECT BUS GEN 1 BUS ON OFF OVRD ON AUTO ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF ON OFF AVIONIC 1 SWITCH N ESNTL SWITCH AVIONIC 2 SWITCH GEN 2 TIE BUS TIE GEN 2 RELAY GEN 2 SWITCH GEN 2 BATTERY - + GEN 1 SWITCH STARTER/ GEN 1 STARTER RELAY BATTERY BUS EXT POWER BATTERY SWITCH EXT POWER SWITCH Gen 1 and Bus Tie Failure

Speed Brakes Increase Descent Without Increasing Speed Not Particularly Effective at Slow Speeds Usually Binary - Either On or Off

Radar Indicates Location and Size of Water Drops Can Be Masked by Nearby Returns Doesn’t Show Where to Fly Shows Where NOT to Fly

Turbine Simpler Operations More Power More Bleed Air Longer TBO

Avionics Glass Cockpits EGPWS IHAS

Other Differences Speed Weight (Momentum) Number of Seats Cargo/Passenger/Fuel Flexibility Visibility FAA Requirements Insurance Requirements

Speed Planning Ahead –Communications –Altitude/Power Changes –Charts Larger Turn Radius Longer Takeoff/Landing Distances Longer Range

Weight Momentum Stability Landing (Vertical Speed) Landing (Crosswinds)

Number of Seats CG Issues Multiple Configurations

FAA Requirements Complex Endorsement High Performance Endorsement High Altitude Endorsement MultiEngine Rating Type Rating

Insurance Requirements FAA Requirements Time in Type Total Time Complex Time High Performance Time Instrument Rating School Recurrent Training

Visibility Usually Poor From 3 to 8 O’Clock

Learning the New Airplane POH Checklists Simulator Dual Calibrating the Plane Regular Practice

POH Section 7 - How Things Work Section 9 - How the Other Things Work Section 2 - What Can Kill You Section 3 - When Things DON’T Work Section 4 - Normal Procedures Sections 5, 6, and 8

Checklists Read the Manufacturer’s Checklist Make Your Own!

Simulator Type Specific, or It’s Not Worthwhile Focus is on Emergency/Abnormal Procs May Be Required by Insurance Great Place to Fine Tune Checklists

Dual Fly With High Time Pro (Current) Insist on Lesson Plans and Objectives

Calibrating the Plane Power/Flap/Gear Settings That Give Desired Airspeeds for: –Climb –Cruise –Descent –Downwind –Base –Final –Go Around

Practice Practice Abnormal Procedures Every Other Month Review Emergency Procs Monthly Fly With a Pro Every 6 Months