Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-2 The Imperative of Agricultural Progress and Rural Development n The heavy emphasis in the past on rapid industrialization may have been misplaced n Agricultural development is now seen as an important part of any development strategy
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-3 Agricultural Stagnation and Growth Since 1950 n Although agriculture employs the majority of the LDC labor force, it accounts for a much lower share of total output
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-4 Table 9.1
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-5 Agricultural Stagnation and Growth Since 1950 n Although agriculture employs the majority of the LDC labor force, it accounts for a much lower share of total output n Trends in per capita food and agricultural production, 1950–1994
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-6 Figure 9.1
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-7 The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-8 Table 9.2
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 9-9 The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture n Peasant agriculture in Latin America, Asia, and Africa –Latin America and Asia: similarities and differences –The Latifundio–Minifundio pattern (see Table 9.4)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Table 9.3
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Figure 9.2
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved The Structure of Third World Agrarian Systems n Two kinds of world agriculture n Peasant agriculture in Latin America, Asia, and Africa –Latin America and Asia: similarities and differences –The Latifundio–Minifundio pattern (see Table 9.4) –Fragmentation and subdivision of peasant land in Asia –Africa: extensive cultivation patterns
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Table 9.4
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved The Important Role of Women n Women provide 60% to 80% of agricultural labor in Africa and Asia, and 40% in Latin America n Women work longer hours than men n Government assistance programs tend to reach men, not women
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved The Economics of Agricultural Development: Transition From Peasant to Commercial Farming n Subsistence farming: risk aversion, uncertainty, and survival
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Figure 9.3
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Figure 9.4
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Figure 9.5
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved The Economics of Agricultural Development: Transition From Peasant to Commercial Farming n Subsistence farming: risk aversion, uncertainty, and survival n The transition to mixed and diversified farming n From divergence to specialization: modern commercial farming
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Toward a Strategy of Agricultural and Rural Development n Improving small-scale agriculture n Conditions for rural development
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Concepts for Review n Agrarian systems n Cash crops n Diversified farming n Family farm n Green revolution n Integrated rural development n Interlocking factor markets n Landlord n Land reform n Latifundio n Medium-sized farms n Minifundio n Mixed farming
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Concepts for Review (cont’d) n Moneylender n Patrón n Per capita agricultural production n Per capita food production n Price bands n Productivity gap n Scale-neutral n Sharecropper n Shifting cultivation n Specialized farming n Staple foods n Subsistence farming n Tenant farmer n Transactions costs