Unit 3 Europe in the Middle Ages Day 14 Skinny 27-28

Unit 3 Essential Question What political and economic systems emerged in the Middle Ages? How was the Roman Catholic Church a unifying force?

Invasion! (Sound familiar?)   Muslims from south  Magyars from east  Vikings from north  With so many invasions, people relied on themselves to defend their land  No central government or ruler was protecting them  Local nobles who could arm the people gained authority because they had the power to protect the land

Invasion! (Sound familiar?)   Muslims from south  Magyars from east  Vikings from north  With so many invasions, people relied on themselves to defend their land  No central government or ruler was protecting them  Local nobles who could arm the people gained authority because they had the power to protect the land

Security/Freedom  911—Rollo (Viking) made peace with Charles the Simple (King of France).  Charles let Vikings take control over Normandy (northern France)  One of many agreements to stop invaders and bring peace King Charles— Lord, or landowner Rollo—Vassal Gave up control of land to Led to Security—Peace for common people

Feudalism Vocabulary  lord—landowner  fief—land granted to a vassal or knight to oversee  vassal—wealthy landowner who runs the fief for the lord  knights—mounted horsemen who pledge to defend their lord's lands in exchange for fiefs  serfs—bound to the land, could not leave it and all their labor produced belonged to the lord

Manors—A Secure Place to Live  Manor = lord's estate  Economic system  Economic agreement between the lord and the serfs Lord provides housing, farmlands, protection Serf farms the land, tends the animals, maintains the manor

Job Security Serf (this is most of the people—they could not leave the land) and peasant (every other poor person) owes lord certain duties Work for a few days each week for the lord Turn over part of the grain from the area they farm to the lord Serfs/peasants kept some of the grain and other farm products to feed their families Serfs/peasants lived in houses provided by the lord

Economics of Manor Women, men, and older children were expected to work Serfs & peasants raised/produced all needs Crops Milk & cheese Fuel Cloth Leather goods Lumber

Economics of Manors They only had to buy a few items Salt Iron Unusual objects such as millstones Crops raised Wheat Rye Barley Oats Vegetables Who got to eat this stuff? These were ground or processed at the mill

Economics of Manors  See page 362 in softcover text for places in a manor  Manor House—the lord and his family lived there  Village Church—for religious and public meetings  Peasant Cottages—homes for workers  Lord's Demesne—fields owned by the lord, where the peasants worked to fulfill their duty to the lord  Crofts—gardens where peasants grew their own food  Mill—usually on a creek or river, where grain was processed  Common pasture—animals grazed here  Woodland—forest where they got wood to burn as fuel

Mill—part of the self-sustaining economy Mills were often powered by a water wheel over a stream Gears turned so that the millstones rubbed against each other, grinding the grain which was placed on them to flour.

Main Idea Check How did the decline of trade (remember the invaders had destroyed the business centers in their raids) make this type of economic system necessary? Write down the best ideas from our class~

Manor Life—Not that great Peasants paid for privilege of serving lord Tax on all grain ground into flour at the mill It was a crime to get your bread elsewhere Marriage was taxed Church charged a tithe, or church tax of 10% of their income Cottages were small and crowded They lived with their pigs inside because they were warm! Straw beds were infested with bugs Work, work, work for your lord and your own food

Manor Life—Still not too great Life expectancy only 35 years Most never traveled more than 25 miles from home. The Church taught God gave your your position in life, so most were content.

What problems did peasants face?

Write a help wanted ad for serf Example Wanted: Employee willing to work long hours for only the food he or she can produce. Women and children welcome to apply. Contact Lord Hector at the manor house. The best answer will have details about how hard the peasant's life will be, how much he has to give to the lord and the church, his housing, and life expectancy.

In Summary serf lord manor vassal knight fief tithe Write statements with the words displayed. Participation rubric--100% for three words used correctly. 67% for two, 33% for one.