King Louis XIV- The Sun King

Achievements  VERSAILLES PALACE –French Culture thrived at Versailles –“Court Life” –Etiquette and manners  Baroque Art –Louis XIV was a patron of the Arts –Literature, plays, music, and art thrive in France  Trade/economy –Built roads, canals, and improved trade –Better/more products and goods for exporting (under Colbert)  Army –Well trained, vast, and powerful

The Rise of the Sun King –Foundations of Absolutism in France Cardinal Richelieu * –Louis XIII’s chief minister helped STRENGTHEN the monarchy –Did this by: Controlled will of the nobles, executed conspirators, and controlled the Huguenots Cardinal Mazzarin –RAN the country when Louis XIII died! –Continued with Richelieus policies –Nobles held MAJOR rebellions known at the Fronde- who were against absolute rule in France

Young Louis XIV

L’ouis XIV

L’ etat c’est moi! By Hyacinthe Rigaud By Hyacinthe Rigaud

Louis XIV’s Carriage

The Bourbon Family Crest

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo by Jean Nocret, 1670

The Sun Symbol

Louis XIV Giani Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Versailles Statistics f 2,000 acres of grounds f 12 miles of roads f 27 miles of trellises f 200,000 trees f 210,000 flowers planted every year f 80 miles of rows of trees f 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canal f 12 miles of enclosing walls f 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzles f 21 miles of water conduits f 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed f 26 acres of roof f 51,210 square meters of floors f 2,153 windows f 700 rooms f 67 staircases f 6,000 paintings f 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings f 2,100 sculptures f 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'art f 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Versailles Today

Palais de Versailles

Versailles Palace, Park Side

Garden View of Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Gardens at Versailles

Chateau de Versailles Gardens

The Orangery

Grounds at Versailles

Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And Even More Fountains!!!

Temple of Love

Hall of Mirrors

The Queen’s Bed The King’s Bed

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Cabinet with Views of Versailles, 19c

CONTROL  CONTROL OVER HIS PEOPLE –TAXATION: Fell heavily upon the 3 rd Estate (peasantry that made up 80%) –RELIGION: Revoked Edict of Nantes (by his grandfather Henry IV) “One King, One law, One faith” Destroyed Huguenot churches and closed Protestant schools –NOBLES: Very little political power, kept them “busy” at Versailles

Government and ruling  Law making body, the Estates General did not meet  Removed royal princes and nobles from his council  Was central policy making figure  Parlements (court of appeals) were weakened

War  Fought FOUR major wars –*Most important was the last one,War of Spanish Succession (he lost) Grandson Philip V became King of Spain Bourbon Dynasty powerful but not united as one Ends with the PEACE OF UTRECHT 1713 –Balance of power in Europe stable and peaceful –England- gains French territory in America –Austria- gains Netherlands –France- devastated financially, famine, new enemies

Quote by Louis XIV on his deathbed….. Did he really mean it?  “I urge you not to forgot your duty to God; remember that you owe everything to Him…. Do not follow me in overspending. Take advice in everything; try to find the best course and follow it. Lighten your people’s burden as soon as possible, and do what I have had the misfortune not do myself.”

Good Afternoon  Please turn in your HW asap  Will return it graded tomorrow  Check grades anytime-new ones are posted  Today- Does Louis XIV deserve to have a CENTURY names after him? Let’s Find Out!  No HW

Stats about Unit 2 Tests  TEST GRADES: –Multiple Choice: 85.7 average –Essay portion: 6/ average – very strong, most wrote about Essay One. These are going to get more difficult, as they will tend to be change over time essays! –Question 7- Which of the following affected the status of women during the Reformation? Answer A: Suppression of nunneries and the institution of married clergy –Question 19-Phillip II of Spain persuaded war with England….. –Answer C: Because of Piracy in the Atlantic vs British in the New World---- MARY STUART was executed, HER COUSIN! –Question 25- Mercantilism is a system of economic principles that…. –D: Emphasizes government intervention to secure a favorable balance of trade and the growth of national reserves in gold/silver

Louis XV [r – 1774]

The “Hunts” of Louis XV

Madame de Pompadour

Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

Petite Trianon, Madame de Pompadour’s Chateau

Marie Antoinette & Her Children

Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”