Aimin Wang Global Environmental Institute “2014 WORLD BANK CONFERENCE ON LAND AND POVERTY” The World Bank - Washington DC, March 24-27, 2014

Overview of Community Related Land Policy Reaction of Local Communities to the National Conservation Program Conclusions and Policy Suggestions The Conservation Concession Agreement in Practice in China Current State of Conservation Efforts in the Framework of Land Policy Content Reasons of the Reaction

System of Land Ownership ： Land Ownership by the National People: Peasant Collective Ownership Classification of Land Management City Land: classified as state land City and Countryside Land: some sections are classified as state land, other sections are classified as collectively owned peasant land Independent Residential Base: classified as collectively owned peasant land Compensation for state appropriation of collectively-owned rural land Land compensation: 6-10X yearly output value Replacement compensation: 4-6X yearly output value, will not surpass 15X yearly output value Additional attachment and crop/ vegetation compensation Total compensation is not to surpass 30X yearly output value Overview of Community Related Land Policy

PES from Government: National Ecological Public welfare Forest: RMB/Mu(1/15th of a hectare) Grassland PES for Farming forbidden: 6 RMB/Mu Restoring Farmland to Forest and grassland program: The government provides a direct subsidy to rural households RMB per Natural Forest Protection Policy Logging is completely prohibited Direct compensation to peasant households with 10 RMB per Mu (1/15 th of a hectare) Conservation Policies in the Framework of Land Policy

Reaction of Local Communities to the National Conservation Program Conflicts Between Community Economic Development and the National Ecological Protection Policy Impacts of Conservation Project Construction Impact of Previously Mentioned Corporate Requisition of Land and Development of Natural Resources

Reasons of the Reaction Communities Are Reliant on Natural Resources Communities Suffer a Decrease in Land Management Rights Shortcomings within Community Management of Natural Resources

Conservation Concession Agreement (CCA) Community development perspective ： Ecological Service Economy Providing ecological service Buyers: government, enterprises Producing environmental friendly product

How Organizing community farmers: farmers’ cooperative, farmers ‘association, or community farmers business Training: Land management: protect themselves in different kinds of contracts Ecological system conservation: conservation plan, conservation team conservation tools community development: community development project ( Honeybee..) Invest: Government input, Enterprises PES, Environmental friendly business Establish community develop and conservation fund Marketing: Local market, Super market,

CCA Model

CCA Pilots in China

Enlarge protected areas, and establish more conservation concession areas, especially in the buffer zones between protected areas and community living spaces Improve government funding utilization models, and increase conservation efficiency Increase community development ability, and include local community in conservation and management activities Incorporate the “Community Conservation Concession Agreement” (CCCA) model into the new protected area legislation 3. Conclusions and prospects (Suggestion)

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