Ancient Greece Joey Benassi, Evan Byrd, Tyler Cole, John Determan

Greek History 1250 BC: Beginning of the Trojan War 1210 BC: End of the Trojan War 776 BC: First Olympic Games 490 BC: Battle of Marathon 479 BC: Battle of Plateau 430 BC: Plague hits Athens 336 BC: Alexander the Great conquers Greece. 30 BC: “Ancient Greece” period ends

Sparta Politically and economically stagnant Ideological and cultural rivals with Athens In 725 B.C. Sparta annexed Messenia In 640 B. C. Messenians revolt Messenian war nearly destroys Sparta Spartans believed they were inheritors of Greek tradition Three main classes existed in Spartan society They became main power of Greece by 490 B.C.

Athens Fertile soil and easy trade Wealth from wine and olive oil Social classes based on wealth People taken as slaves to pay off debt Athens ruled politically and culturally In 490 B.C. Persians invaded

Ancient Greek Religions A predominant form of early paganism Temples, shrines, and statues were places to offer sacrifices to God Did not participate in regular clergies They do not have a sacred text or moral code The gods were admired and feared Each god was in charge of a different aspect Gods of the countryside -Naead (Dwelling in springs) -Dryads (Dwelling in trees) 12 main gods

Ancient Greek Cultures Food -Consisted of foods that were easily grown in rocky terrain Breakfast consisted of mainly bread dipped in wine Lunch also consisted of bread and wine along with olives, cheese, figs and dried fish Dinner was the main meal of the day, eaten around sunset Consisted of vegetables, fish, fruit, and sometimes honey cakes Fish was the main protein because beef was very expensive

Ancient Greek Literature Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides, Aristotle, Plato – Aeschylus invented drama – Sophocles introduced irony The Iliad + The Odyssey Philosophy

Ancient Greek Science + Math Pythagoras, Euclid, Archimedes, Hippocrates Discoveries still in use today Astronomy – They suggested that the universe was heliocentric Hippocrates is the “father” of medicine

Ancient Greek Warfare The common Greek soldier was known as a hoplite. Hoplites were known for their ability to fight in phalanxes. A phalanx is an impenetrable wall of man and interlocking shields, supported by vast ranks of spears. These proved EXTREMLY difficult to break with a frontal charge, no attacker would want to charge head on into ranks of sharp iron spears.

Greek Battle Line Phalanxes were often deployed at the center of the battle line. They were often flanked by skirmishers, either javelin throwers or peasant archers. During larger sieges they would deploy war machines, either bolt throwers or catapults, on hills to support the army and deal with walls.

Rankings of Greek soldiers The peasant class was obviously the lowest of the society and formed the light troops and skirmishers. Hippeis - second wealthiest, able to afford horses and became the light cavalry. Zeugitai – third wealthiest, able to afford better armor and training. Often were made into hoplites. Pentakosiomidimnoi – richest of Greek citizens, formed the higher ranking officers who commanded and supplied the armies.

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