THE CIVILIZATION OF KUSH 6th Grade Social Studies

REVIEW You learned that Egypt was divided into three periods: the Old, Middle, and New. You also learned that Egypt was very powerful at times, and very weak at others. Eventually, Egypt fell to more powerful armies who wielded iron weapons.

BIG IDEA (S) To the south of Egypt, the Nubians settled in farming villages and became powerful warriors The people of Kush devoted themselves to ironworking and grew wealthy from trade

AFTER THIS SECTION, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO: Discuss the way of life of the Nubians Identify the location of Kush Explain why Kush prospered

What is this map showing us? Describe the relative location of Kush 5

NATURAL RESOURCES OF KUSH Gold mines Ivory Incense Iron ore 6

NUBIA Nubia was a society further south of Egypt, along the Nile (later called Kush) Excellent hunters and warriors Show them the Papyrus

KINGDOM OF KUSH Stronger villages took over weaker ones Formed the kingdom of Kush at the capital Kerman Traded with Egyptians (Egyptians even hired Nubian warriors) Kush became a wealthy kingdom

PARTNER CHECK: INFERENCE Later historians, like the Greek historian Herodotus, had difficulty distinguishing between Egyptian and Kushite culture. Why do you think so? What does this tell us about these two cultures? They were very similar because they shared a lot of the same resources...the Nile and it's food sources The fertile soil from the Nile allowed them to farm Same resources through trading Same natural barriers

EGYPT INVADES NUBIA Stronger villages took over weaker ones Formed the kingdom of Kush at the capital Kerman Traded with Egyptians (Egyptians even hired Nubian warriors) Kush became a wealthy kingdom

WHY WAS KUSH IMPORTANT TO EGYPT? Barrier against enemies from the south. They served as a neutral zone Gold mines were in Kush and Egypt wanted control of the gold for themselves Geographic location: all trade had to go through Kush (ivory, animal skins, ostrich feathers, spices, ebony, ivory) 11

RISE OF KUSH Kush broke away from Egypt when Egypt became weak Rules from city of Napata Napata was on a trade route (why would this be beneficial?) Piye and Kashta went north to conquer Egypt Kushite culture emulated (copied) much of Egyptian culture

IDENTIFY CAUSES AND EFFECTS Read pg 124 and complete the cause and effect chart Egyptian pharaohs Got worried because Kush was growing Wealthy and building A strong army Will they attack? 13

A CHANGE IN POWER Kush grew stronger. Shabaka declared himself pharaoh Egypt is conquered by Kush Pharaohs of Egypt grew weaker 25th, or Kushite Dynasty Kashta (a king in Kush) attacked and took Upper Egypt Tried to restore Egyptian culture and temples, so it thrived Created relations with lower Egypt Assyrians came in with their iron weapons and pushed Kushites out of Egypt Piankhi took Upper Egypt b/c "the gods wanted him to" 14

IMPORTANCE OF IRON Assyrians invaded Egypt and drove Kushites out Kushites learned the secret of iron weapons from the Assyrians Soon, Kushites were using iron tools (they became more. efficient farmers and warriors) Kushites began trading iron Mm. far away, and brought back many new resources Check out the big book for info on the Assyrians

A NEW CAPITAL Kushites moved capital to Meroe to be out of reach of the Assyrians (so did they move south or north?) City was built to look Egyptian Center of trade for the region for hundreds of years Go to pg.128 in your book and analyze the map

KUSHITE PYRAMIDS

PRACTICE NOTE-TAKING SKILLS Set up a T-chart to take cornel notes Read pages 128-131 Take notes on the important ideas Sub-headings (red) tell us main topics These go on the left Find important details on the right 18

PARTNER QUICK CHECK Why is trade so important, and how did geography, or where people decided to set up their cities, influence whether or not they became wealthy and powerful?