Unit 1 Topic: Industrialization and Progressivism ( ) Ignited by post-Civil War demand and fueled by technological advancements, large-scale industrialization began in the United States during the late 1800s. Growing industries enticed foreign immigration, fostered urbanization, gave rise to the American labor movement and developed the infrastructure that facilitated the settling of the West. A period of progressive reform emerged in response to political corruption and practices of big business.

Chapter 2: Rapid Expanding Workforce Content Statement: The rise of industrialization led to a rapidly expanding workforce. Labor organizations grew amidst unregulated working conditions and violence toward supporters of organized labor. Expectations For Learning: Explain the major social and economic effects of industrialization and the influence of the growth of organized labor following Reconstruction in the United States.

Section 1: Workers Needed Content Elaboration: The rise of industrialization in the United States in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries increased the demand for workers. With this demand, immigrants came from other countries and Americans migrated from other parts of the United States to take jobs in industrial centers.

Help Wanted! Factory owners needed laborers to work There were not enough people in the cities at first to fill these jobs. – A. Immigrants came from other countries – B. Farmers moved to the cities – C. African-Americans moved to the Northern cities from the South

OGT Multiple Choice _____ (2005 Practice Test) What factor contributed to the migration of large numbers of people from Europe to the United States in the late 19th century? A. Economic prosperity in Europe allowed people to purchase land in the United States B. Industrialization in the United States attracted laborers from Europe. C. European social reform movements wanted to spread their beliefs to the United States. D. The United States needed people to colonize the overseas territories it had recently acquired

Section 2: Labor Organizations Content Elaboration: As a result of the changing nature of work, some members of the working class formed labor organizations (e.g., American Railway Union, American Federation of Labor, Industrial Workers of the World, united Mine Workers of America” to protect their rights. They sought to address issues such as working conditions, wages and terms of employment.

Rise of Labor Unions A labor union is a group of workers who get together to collectively bargain better wages and working conditions 1. Workers Unite to Improve Working Conditions a. unsafe conditions b. low pay c. long hours d. child labor 2. Owners resisted the unions a. violence

3. Strikes a. The Power of the Strike--a strike is a work stoppage. b. They do not get paid, but the company also does not make any money. c. The company could hire strikebreakers--they were hired to take the place of the striking workers. Fights would often break out between the workers and the strikebreakers.

The First Unions A. The Knights of Labor 1. began in 1869 by Uriah Stephens 2. It started off small, but then grew 3. Terrence V. Powderly became the leader—membership grew 4. This union included any worker who wanted to be in it. 5. This union grew to over 700,000 members. B.The American Federation of Labor 1. started in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. 2. for skilled workers only a. Skilled workers were carpenters, bricklayers, etc. *Both wanted better pay and working conditions for its members!

Other examples of early labor unions American Railway Union Industrial Workers of the World United Mine Workers of America

OGT Multiple Choice _____ (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, labor unions in the United States have been interested in all of the following EXCEPT A. higher wages B. longer work week C. safer working conditions D. shorter work week

OGT Extended Response Analyze reasons for the rise and growth of labor organizations (Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor) in the United States. (4 pts)

OGT Extended Response What are two things workers must do to make a strike successful? (2 points) In your opinion, are unions good? Why or why not? (2 points)

Section 3: Labor Organizations and Violence Content Elaboration: Labor organizations also grew due to the violence toward supporters of organized labor (e.g., Great Railroad Strike, Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, Pullman Strike)

Haymarket Riots The Haymarket Square Bombing -Chicago -80,000 workers went on strike -Fights broke out -police were called in. -police killed a couple of the strikers. -someone threw a bomb into the crowd and others were killed. -Many people blamed the Knights of Labor for this. -Membership in unions declined after this riot.

Other Examples of Violence Great Railroad Strike Homestead Strike Pullman Strike