Thermal Energy. Temperature  Measures the “hotness” (higher temperatures) or “coldness” (lower temperatures)  Gives very little information on the energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Thermal Energy

Temperature  Measures the “hotness” (higher temperatures) or “coldness” (lower temperatures)  Gives very little information on the energy that the material contains.

Temperature  Heat  Some equate temperature to heat  Temperature and Heat are not the same

Temperature  All matter is made up of tiny particles  These tiny particles are constantly moving

 All moving things have kinetic energy  The faster the particles move the more KE  The temperature is a measure of the average Kinetic Energy

Thermal Energy  Place a ice-cold spoon on ice cream. What happens?  Place a hot spoon on ice cream. What happens?

 Place two hot spoons on ice cream. How is it different?  Pour hot water on the ice cream. How is this different from the spoon?

Thermal Energy  Thermal energy is the total amount of kinetic and potential energy of a material  Kinetic energy determined by the speed of the moving particles

 Potential energy determined by the distance between the particles

Thermal Energy & Temperature  They are related  As temperature increase so does the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the particles

Thermal Energy  Depends upon temperature  Mass of material  Type of material

Heat  The transfer of thermal energy

Heat  Heat is the energy that flows from an object of higher temperature to an object with lower temperature  Heat is measured in units of Joules

 Does an ice cube in warm water cause the water to cool down  Or does the warm water cause the ice cube to melt? So…

Specific Heat  Why is the air around the swimming pool warmer than the water even if they have both been exposed to the sun the same amount of time?

 Different materials need different amounts of heat to change the temperature the same amount.  Copper pot –vs- water

 Specific Heat is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a material one degree Celsius

 Units (J/kg. C o )  Specific heat of water very high  Advantages?  Disadvantages?

Measuring Specific Heat  Cannot measure the amount of heat energy transferred  Can only measure the resultant change in thermal energy

 Q = mc  T  m-mass in grams or kilograms  Q- thermal energy in Joules  c-specific heat in J/kg. C o or J/g. C o   T-change in temperature in C o

Change in Length  When temperature is increased objects expand  Sidewalks, siding on houses, railroad tracks, bridges, etc…

  l=l  T   l-change in length  l-original length   coefficient of linear expansion   T-change in temperature

Change in Volume  Liquids expand 100 times more than solids   V=V  T

  V-change in volume  V-original volume   coefficient of volume expansion   T-change in temperature

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