Chapter 3  Procedures for Collecting Data

Rationale For Ongoing Data Collection –Beyond a Test Grade  Makes is possible to determine the effects of a particular teaching strategy or intervention  Allows for summative and ongoing evaluation that helps up make decision and lateration during the course of a program  Makes for a proactive approach rather than “wait & see”  Accountability

Types of Data Collection Systems  Observing a Sample of Behavior  Event recording, interval recording, duration  Analyzing Written Reports  Anecdotal Reports  Observing a Tangible Product  Permanent Product Recording  Rate, topography, force

Observational Recording Systems  Event Recording -Frequency  Rate  Percentage

//// //// //// /// //// //// //// //// /// Basic Data Sheet for Event Recording Student: ________________________________ Observer: _______________________________ Behavior: _______________________________ 18 10:00 – 10:15 3/ :00 – 10:15 3/15 Total Occurrences Notations of OccurrenceTime Start Stop Date Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Event Recording with Controlled Presentations 14Place spoon in mouth√√√√√√ 13Bring spoon to mouthØØØØ√√ 12Lift spoon√√√√√√ 11Scoop√√√√√√ 10Place spoon in bowlØ√√√Ø√ 9Lift spoonØØØØ√√ 8Place carton on tableØØØ√ØØ 7Pour milk in bowl√√√√√√ 6Lift cartonØØØØØ√ 5Open milk cartonØØØ√√√ 4Place box on tableØØ√√√√ 3Pour cereal in bowlØØØØØØ 2Lift box√√√√√√ 1Open cereal boxØØØØ√√

Coding Form For Multiple Behaviors Sessions H √√√√√ F √ C √√√ V √√√√ H = Head Rolling F = Hand Flapping C = Finger Contortions V = High-Pitched Vocalizations Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Observational Recording Systems  Duration  Latency

Basic Formats for Latency and Duration Recording Data Sheets Student: ____________________ Observer: ___________________ Behavior: ___________________ Operationalization of behavior initiation: ___________________ ___________________________ Student: ________________________ Observer: _______________________ Behavior: _______________________ Behavior initiation: _______________ Behavior termination: _____________ _______________________________ DateTimeLatencyDateTimeDuration Delivery of Sd Response initiation Response termination Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Other Dimensions Behavior Occurs  Force  Topography  Locus

Observational Recording Systems  Interval Recording  Partial Interval Recording  Time Sampling  Momentary Time Sampling  Multiple Behaviors & Multiple Students

Coding Form for Multiple Students % of Intervals Tony Al Ellen Austin Mary Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

Observational Recording Systems  Event Recording:  Recording the number of times a behavior occurs  Interval Recording:  Recording of whether a behavior occurs during intervals of a specified time period.  Time Sampling:  Recording of whether a behavior occurs at the end of an interval during a specified time period.  Duration Recording: Recording the length of time a behavior occurs.  Latency Recording: Recording the amount of time it takes for a student to begin the targeted behavior. Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

How do you Know Which Recording System to Use  Is the target behavior numerical or temporal?  If is it numerical  Is the behavior discrete or continuous  Is the behavior expected to occur at a high or low frequency  Will I be able to collect data during intervention/instruction or will I need a third party to collect the data so as not to interrupt instruction

How do you Know Which Recording System to Use  It is it temporal  do I want to measure the time before initiation of the response (latency) or time elapsed during performanace of the response (duration).

Anecdotal Reports  Setting of Observation  Length of Observation  Be Objective  Antecedent  Behavior  Consequence

Guidelines for Anecdotal Reports  Write down the setting as you initially see it, describe the individuals and their relationship, identify the occurring activity.  Record everything the targeted student says and does and to whom or to what.  Describe everything said and done to the student and by whom.  Clearly differentiate between fact and your interpretation of what is being observed.  Provide some temporal indications so as to be able to judge duration.

Permanent Products  This is event recording  Number of occurrences  Percentage  rate

Inter-observer Agreement Number of AgreementsX 100 = IOA Total number of Responses