Periodic Properties: Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A A.Group 5A 1.Elements and SymbolsElement TypeState a.N = NitrogenNon-metaldiatomicgas b.P = PhosphorousNon-metalsolid.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Phosphorus. Phosphorus, is called ‘spreader of light’ in Latin language. It is very reactive nonmetal. It is essential constituent of living organisms,
Advertisements

CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #2: The Chemical Alphabet Fall 2013 Dr. Tracey Roemmele Gallium, Ga Sodium, Na Forms of Carbon.
Chemical Properties HL3-3.ppt.
Nonmetals, inert gases, and semimetals
The Halogens Group VII. Known as halogens – Derived from Greek, Salt maker – React with metals to form salts Astatine doesn’t really exist for a long.
By:Tyree Shavers.  The Scottish chemist Daniel Rutherford ( ). Rutherford kept a mouse in a confined quantity of air till it died. He then burned.
Hydrocarbon pre-lab lecture
Testing for Cations and Anions Determine the presence of a cation or anion by a chemical reaction Determine the identity of cations and anions in an unknown.
SURVEY OF CHEMISTRY LABORATORY I
1 Group 15 - Pnicogens –N is diatomic; P, As & Sb have multiple allotropes N & P are nonmetals As & Sb are metalloids Bi is a metal. –They form monoatomic.
White Board Review CHEMISTRY SECTION I & II. DENSITY What is the density of a metal that has a mass of 20.3 g and a volume of 2.8 cm 3 ?
Indicators of chemical reactions Formation of a gas Emission of light or heat Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor.
Unit I: CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DARK BLACK PRINT IS IMPORTANT MUST- KNOW FOR THE REGENTS GREY & ORANGE PRINT IS NICE TO KNOW BACKGROUND INFORMATION More Details on Metals and Nonmetals.
Chemical Reactions: Reactants change chemical and physical properties …. to become new substances made from the same elements; these are called products.
The Representative Elements: Groups 5A Through 8A
Periodic Trends Section A Different Type of Grouping Broader way of classifying elements: Metals Nonmetals Metalloids or Semi-metals.
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements. Effective Nuclear Charge Z eff = Z − S Z = atomic number S = number of inner electrons.
Nonmetals and Metalloids
Periodic Properties of Elements Chemistry 100 Chapter 7.
Periodic Table of Elements Chapter 11
Trends in the Periodic Table trend: direction or pattern p
Chemistry of Matter Properties and Interactions of Elements
Periodicity HL and SL 3.1 The periodic table The periodic table is a list of all the elements in order of increasing atomic number. Elements are placed.
SMP, Periodic Table Notes Check HW answers on the side board. Record correct answers in RB & turn in HW. 2. Jigsaw  Report to your colored groups.
Families on the Periodic Table Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. Each family has a specific.
The Periodic Table After this slide, everything in this power point must be in your notes… you may abbreviate, as long as you will understand it as you.
The Periodic Table Introduction.
Properties of Matter. You will perform a circuit of eight inquiries to observe how matter behaves. The inquiries involve the following: different states.
Types of Reactions.
ELEMENTS: CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Give 2 examples of a physical property of Oxygen gas and 1 example of a chemical property. Question of the Day.
1 Matter and Change. 2 What is Matter?  Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.  Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Chapter 11 Groups II and VII.
Monday 10/19 Complete the following on your DO NOW handout. Use pg 51 in your INB to answer the question. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? The.
CHEMISTRY FORM 4 GROUP 17 ELEMENTS.
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions 1.List signs of a chemical change 2.Correctly write a chemical equation 3.Balance a chemical equation.
Electron Affinity Energy change accompanying addition of electron to gaseous atom: Cl + e −  Cl −
Formation of Compounds Answers to the notes outline will be highlighted in blue.
Periodic Table of Elements Chapter 11. Bell Work 10/29/15 SPI 9.1 Recognize that all matter consists of atoms 1. Which of these is made of atoms? a.an.
Chemistry is a Physical Science Chapter 1, Sections 1 and 2.
If you owe me any of the following, please turn it in: Student Packet, Lab Equip. Wkst, Flinn Contract If you owe me any of the following, please turn.
Halogens.
Hydrogen Most common isotope has 1 proton and no neutrons, making Hydrogen (H) the lightest element Most abundant element in the universe (~75% of baryonic.
Experiment 6 - Chemical Periodicity
Chapter 71 Periodic Properties of the Elements Chapter 7.
Gas Tests. cloudylimewater CO 2 popsburning splintH2H2 reignitesglowing splint O2O2 PositiveTestGas.
Chemical Reactions: An Introduction. Indicators of a Chemical Reaction A color change A solid forms (precipitate) A gas forms The temperature changes.
IGCSE CHEMISTRY SECTION 2 LESSON 2. Content The iGCSE Chemistry course Section 1 Principles of Chemistry Section 2 Chemistry of the Elements Section 3.
Today’s Learning Objectives  Review Physical Properties and Physical change  Chemical Change = Chemical Reaction  Energy in a reaction  Conservations.
Periodic Properties: Groups I and II A.Group I—The Alkali Metals 1.Elements and SymbolsIon. Energy(kJ/mol) 2 nd Ion. En. a.Li = Lithium b.Na = Sodium
Nonmetals and Metalloids Chapter 4 Section 4. Properties Of Nonmetals A nonmetal is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. Most nonmetals.
IGCSE CHEMISTRY SECTION 2 LESSON 1. Content The iGCSE Chemistry course Section 1 Principles of Chemistry Section 2 Chemistry of the Elements Section 3.
What’s this? Gp2 NO3-& CO32- are more stable down group. MCO3->MO+CO2; 2M(NO3)2- >2MO+O2+4NO2. Gp1 CO32- stable, NO3-: 2MNO3->2MNO2+O2. Li like gp 2.
The study of matter and the changes that it undergoes.
SL Topic 3 Periodic Trends Wichita East High School Beth McKee The Periodic Table – p. 11 IB Diploma book.
Indicators of chemical reactions Formation of a gas Emission of light or heat Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor.
The Periodic Table. The Table in General Columns (families) –Called families or groups –Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties.
The Periodic Table Chapter 12. The modern periodic table  Arranged by atomic number NOT atomic mass. Atomic number: Number of protons  New elements.
Chapter 10 Chemical Equations.
Q2: What property did Mendeleev use to arrange his periodic table?
The Halogens.
Periodic Properties: Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A
HALOGENS PRECIOUS.
DO NOW VL: 0 What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? Monday 10/19
Chemical Properties.
Compounds A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more ________ that are _________ combined. elements chemically A compound has different properties.
Macromolecules Analysis Lab
Macromolecules Analysis Lab
Periodic Trends Section
Presentation transcript:

Periodic Properties: Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A A.Group 5A 1.Elements and SymbolsElement TypeState a.N = NitrogenNon-metaldiatomicgas b.P = PhosphorousNon-metalsolid c.As = Arsenic Metalloidsolid d.Sb = AntimonyMetalloidsolid e.Bi = BismuthMetalsolid 2.Some chemistry of the non-metal Group 5A Elements a.The elements tend to react to gain 3 electrons to be like noble gas b.These elements react with oxygen to form acidic compounds -HNO 3 = Nitric AcidH 3 PO 4 = Phosphoric Acid -P 4 (s) + 5 O 2 (g) -----> P 4 O 10 (s) -P 4 O 10 (s) + 6 H 2 O -----> 4 H 3 PO 4 (aq) c.Important Biological Elements -N is a component of every amino acid (protein) and DNA -P is a component of DNA

d.Phosphorous has more than one allotrope -Allotrope = stable solid phase -P 4 (s) is called “white phosphorous” is tetrahedral, and burns in air -P red is called “red phosphorous” and is made of chains of P 4 tetrahedra -P black is called “black phosphorous” and is a crystalline solid e.We will be reacting Red Phosphorous with Oxygen today in lab -Don’t bother with the bottle -Burn the phosphorous in the bunsen burner in the hood -Have a distilled water dampened piece of pH paper ready -Put the pH paper (green when damp) in the phosphorous smoke -If it turns red, that indicates the formation of acid -DON’T PUT HOT COMBUSTION SPOON INTO BOTTLE!!!

B.Group 6A 1.Elements and SymbolsElement TypeState a.O = OxygenNon-metaldiatomicgas b.S = SulfurNon-metalsolid c.Se = Selenium Non-metalsolid d.Te = TelluriumMetalloidsolid e.Po = PoloniumMetalloidsolid 2.Some chemistry of the non-metal Group 5A Elements a.The elements tend to react to gain 2 electrons to be like noble gas b.20% of the atmosphere and 50% of the crust is O (by mass) c.These elements react with oxygen to form acidic compounds d.Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is the largest volume chemical used in industry -S(s) + O 2 (g) -----> SO 2 (g) -SO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) -----> H 2 SO 3 (aq) = sulfurous acid e.We will be burning S(s) in the hood to produce H 2 SO 3 -Use same procedure as for phosphorous -All waste P and S should be completely burned off of the spoon

f.Sulfur has more than one Allotrope -Two allotropes of solid sulfur have 8-membered rings, but different crystal forms: “monoclinic” and “rhombic” -If liquid sulfur is cooled quickly, it solidifies as chains of sulfur atoms called “plastic sulfur” monoclinic rhombicplastic

C.Group 7A = Halogens (kJ/mol) 1. ElementsElement TypeStateE.A. a.F = FluorineNon-metaldiatomicgas, yellow-328 b.Cl = ChlorineNon-metaldiatomicgas, yellow-349 c.Br = Bromine Non-metaldiatomic liquid, brown-325 d.I = IodineNon-metal diatomic solid, purple-295 e.At = AstatineNon-metal radioactive solid 2.The chemistry of these elements is dominated by their need to add one e - 2 Na(s) + Cl 2 (g) -----> 2 NaCl(s) + large amount of heat Sodium Reacts Violently with Chlorine

3.Electron Affinity = energy given off when a gaseous element gains an e - a.X(g) + e > X - (g) b.Exothermic process because all elements accept e - due to + nucleus c.Adding e - is less favored down a group due to distance from nucleus d.Fluorine is so small, that repulsion from other electrons lowers its E.A. 4.Halogens with more favorable E.A. can take electrons from other halides a. Cl Br > 2 Cl - + Br 2 b.E.A: c.Cl 2 is reduced; Br - is oxidized 5.We will be studying this kind of reaction today in lab a.Prepare control samples: -I 2 /H 2 O + toluene = purple color of I 2 in toluene -Br 2 /H 2 O + toluene = orange color of Br 2 in toluene -Cl 2 /H 2 O + toluene = yellow color of Cl 2 in toluene Cl 2 Br 2 I2I2

b.Run all possible combinations of reactions between Cl/Br/I and observe the color of the toluene when finished Cl 2 + Br > yellow (Cl 2 ) if no reaction; orange (Br 2 ) if reaction Cl 2 + I > Br 2 + Cl > Br 2 + I > orange (Br 2 ) if no reaction; purple (I 2 ) if reaction I 2 + Cl > I 2 + Br > c.Use parafilm to cover test tubes to shake them up d.All halogen reactions go into a waste beaker in the hood

Incident: HF and Trifluoroacetic Acid Burn Incident: HF Exposure