While looking from inside water, it is impossible to see the skies at the angles of more than 48.8 o.

You can see from air this way (at this angle) You cannot see from air at this angle any more Still can see what’s in the air…

You can make one!

Light rays of different colours refract at slightly different angles. Dispersion is the refraction of white light into separate wavelengths, or colours.

 The spoon may look broken in a glass of water.  The pattern of the light rays gets distorted due to refraction.

 the light rays bend twice: when they enter water and when they leave it  Our eye see the the emerged part of the spoon shifted against the above the water part.

Objects under water are not where they seem to be

You see both the reflection of the sky and the bottom of the lake. Light splits: part of the sun light reflects of the water surface; other part goes into water (and refracts), reflects off the bottom and then reaches observer eyes.

Glass always let sun light through and reflects some. If its dark inside, reflected light is all what you see.

When light comes from inside as well, it gives you additional picture on top of reflected from outside light. Its all about which side is brighter.

These glasses are coated with a very thin silver layer. Only half of the surface is coated, such as lots of light is reflected, but some light goes through. Observer is able to see what’s outside but is not seen himself. Although some light goes from inside glasses, there is much more light that is refelcted back by glasses; so it makes stronger mirror image of the outside object.

The "criminal suspect" does not see the detectives in the next room because the room in which the glass looks like a mirror is kept very brightly lit, so that there is plenty of light to reflect back from the mirror's surface. The other room, in which the glass looks like a window, is kept dark, so there is very little light to transmit through the glass.

A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays are bent to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. optical phenomenon

Cold air is denser than warm air and has therefore a greater refractive index. If the air near the ground is warmer than that higher up, the light ray bends in a concave, upward trajectory.refractive index

You look down but see the sky down there… and think that it’s water

Light rays bend the other way: You look up and see (getting light rays)… What you see is not where you think it is! Indeed, the object is much lower.

Superior means ground objects are seen above

Multiple-image Fata Morgana display, Farallon Islands, California

Normally you wouldn’t see beyond that point

Cold air Not really warm air Warm air Hot air