Essential Question: What were the important reforms of the antebellum era, Populist movement, and Progressive era? CPWH Agenda for Unit 8.6: Pop Quiz!  “Comparing Reform Movements” Today’s HW: Unit 8 Organizer Unit 8 Test: Friday, December 7 County Final: December 10 CPUSH Final Exam: December 17-19

One Hundred Years of Reform: Comparing Reform Movements Over Time Reform was not new in the Progressive Era. Reformers in the Antebellum Era and Gilded Age (Populists) tried to fix problems in society Directions: Use the following slides to figure out where each specific reforms should go in your chart

Reasons for the Reform Movement Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Western farmers faced falling crop prices, rising debts, and high railroad and mortgage rates Social Gospel reformers wanted to address problems created during the Gilded Age The Second Great Awakening led to religious revivalism

Women’s Rights Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony helped gain passage of the 19th Amendment; Labor laws led to a 10 hour work day; Margaret Sanger promoted birth control None  Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott helped write the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention

African American Rights Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Booker T. Washington called for racial accommodation; WEB DuBois led the Niagara Movement and formed the NAACP Black exodusters moved West as homestead farmers to escape segregation in the South William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass and other abolitionists called for the immediate end of slavery

Children’s Rights Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Florence Kelley fought for child labor laws; President Taft created the Children’s Bureau Horace Mann fought to create public schools to better educate young children, especially German and Irish immigrants None 

Other Social Reforms Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? WCTU fought for temperance but failed to gain national prohibition Muckrakers like Jacob Riis exposed poverty; Jane Addams created the first settlement house; 18th Amendment led to prohibition None 

Economic Reforms Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Western farmers called for (but did not gain) a national income tax and the free coinage of silver (bimetallism) Jackson’s attack on the Second Bank of the United States eliminated federal regulation of banking and the money supply 16th Amendment created a national income tax; The Federal Reserve was created to regulate inflation, unemployment, and money supply

Business Reforms Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? The gov’t encouraged industry, especially Northern textile mills, by creating a tariff on imported goods Muckrakers Sinclair and Tarbell; TR’s “Square Deal; Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act; Sherman Anti-Trust Act was used to “bust” monopolies; Clayton Anti-Trust Act protected unions; Environmental conservation Western farmers called for (but did not gain) government regulation of banks and railroads

Democratic Reforms Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? 17th Amendment allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators; 19th Amendment granted women’s suffrage; Initiative, referendum, recall created in western states Western farmers demanded (but did not gain) the right to directly elect their U.S. Senators Women demanded (but did not gain) the right to vote; Property qualification ended and common white men could vote (universal white male suffrage)

Other Government Reforms Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Jackson used the spoils system (patronage) to replace government bureaucrats Pendleton Act ended patronage by requiring a civil service exam; City commissions and managers; Lafollette’s Wisconsin Idea None 

Discussion Questions Antebellum Reform (1820-1850) Populists (1890s) Progressives (1890-1920) ? Which reform era (Antebellum, Populist, Progressive) was most successful? Least successful? Which trend (social, economic, or political) saw the greatest change from 1820 to 1920? What was the most important change of the Progressive Era: (a) protection of children and the poor; (b) regulation of big business; or (c) the increase of democracy?