Chapter 18 The Age of Reform Section One: The Progressive Movement

I. The Progressive Spirit Focused on plight of workers, poor sanitation, corrupt political machines Usually middle or upper class, college educated Women and progressivism Joined as a way to influence politics

II. Progressive Issues A dangerous workplace Social problems Steel mill- 25% injured or killed a year Wanted- 8 hr day, minimum wage, safer working conditions, end to child labor Social problems Election reforms Science and technology to solve social problems

III. Inspiration for Reform Muckraking press Spread the message McClure’s Magazine “raked up” and exposed the muck, or filth of society Tarbell and Standard Oil Focused on business practices of John D. Rockefeller Muckraking books Lincoln Steffens- Shame of Cities Ray Stannard Baker- African American Injustices, lynching

IV. Writers and Social Problems Harsh effects of industrial society Theodore Dreiser Edith Wharton Herbert Croly

Reforming the New Industrial Order Section Two Reforming the New Industrial Order

I. Reforming the Workplace 10 hrs a day, 6 days, $1.50 a day= men Female and child laborers Worked for less Labor Laws Limit child labor Improve conditions Limited hours Higher wages- minimum-wage law

II. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire March 25, 1911, New York City fire in the factory- workers stuck inside 143 workers die in fire

III. Progressivism and the Supreme Court Most early legislation overturned Fourteenth Amendment- “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”

IV. Labor Unions Fought for workers AFL- American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers ILGWU- International Ladies Garment Workers Union “Uprising of 20,000”- strike Mixed results IWW- Industrial Workers of the World Socialist Short lived

Section Three Reforming Society

I. Cleaning up the city Cleaning up City planning Better housing, improve public education Garbage collection ,health care, police, and fire protection Playgrounds and parks City planning Park construction, building codes, sanitation standards, and zoning

II. Moral Reform The passage of prohibition Moviegoing Anti-Saloon League and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union Eighteenth Amendment- 1917 Repealed in 1933 Moviegoing 5 or 10 cent movie ticket Nickelodeons Reformers demanded that movies be censored

III. Progressives and Racial Discrimination Views of Du Bois African American influential leader Early civil rights leader African Americans organize National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- NAACP- 1909 Used court system National Urban League Fought for civil rights American Indians 1. Society of American Indians

IV. Immigrants and Assimilation Mixed results discrimination Americanization- assimilation 1. Taught to read, write, and speak English

Assignment You are to plan your own Industrial city. On a piece of paper sketch a city that will attract employers and residents. Include in your sketch all improvements that were covered in the last few chapters. Should be included: Jobs- Industrial center Residential library Parks Social Services- police station, Fire, etc. Sports and leisure streets Schools suburbs