AN EXAMPLE OF USE OF SENSORS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH ‐ TEN YEARS AGO Hanne Mette Ochsner Ridder 1

The effect of MT on People w Dementia  Ongoing research - Doctoral Programme in Music Therapy ( - GAMUT/Uni Helse: nordic network for research in music, music therapy and age care.  Example from previous research - Singing Dialogue (2003) 2

Understanding Dementia “… dementia is essentially a strange and frightening situation that activates very deep fears and consequently a range of behaviours aimed at making the world less frightening.” (Cheston & Bender 2003, p. 145) Personhood and a psycho-social approach (Kitwood 1997) 3

The effect of music therapy?  Cochrane Reviews  Systematic reviews of primary research in human health care and health policy  Six reviews on MT: Gold, Wigram & Elefant 2006 Gold, Heldal, Dahle & Wigram 2005 Maratos, Gold, Wang & Crawford 2008 Bradt, Magee, Dileo, Wheeler & McGilloway 2010 Bradt & Dileo 2010 Vink, Birks, Bruinsma & Scholten 2004/2011  Conclusion for MT-Cochrane reviews: Need more Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) ( 4

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Video analysis 6

Documenting the process 7 Case study research Mixed design N=6 DV: HR, agitation, medication IDV: 20 individual MTs sessions, week 2-5 Pre/post measurers: week 1/week 6 Data sources Video recordings HR: Polar accurex plus HR (acr. HR every 5 sec.) Proxy ratings of ADL, health, agitation Medical charts Music therapists log

Physiological vs. musical response Musical response BPM 8

No (phys.) response to unknown songs 9

Bpm pre/post 20 MT sessions 10 T-test:p<.0001

Bpm pre/post 20 MT sessions 11

 Sensors/technologies that are easily administered in sessions  Output data (physiological measures) that can be combined with different types of data (triangulation necessary)  Software development (combining e.g. microanalysis of audio/visual data with physiological measures)  Various physiological data: HRV, EEG, circadian rhythm, movements (dynamics, synchronization)... What is most relevant? Which possibilities? (e.g. measuring Vagus nerve activation?) How can we come to reliable conclusion on levels of anxiety, stress, arousal, etc.? Technologies needed for documenting clinical health care practice

13 Cheston, R. & Bender, M. (2003) Understanding Dementia. The Man with the Worried Eyes. London: Jessica Kingsley. Kitwood, T. (1997) Dementia reconsidered. The person comes first. Buckingham: Open University Press. Ridder, H.M. (2011) How can singing in music therapy influence social engagement for people with dementia?: Insights from the polyvagal theory. In: F. Baker & Uhlig, S. (Eds.). Voicework in Music Therapy. Research and Practice. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ridder, H.M. (2011) Singen in der Musiktherapie mit Menschen mit Demenz: Neuropsychologische, psychophysiologische und psychodynamische Grundlagen und Perspektiven. In: Wosch, T. (Ed.). Musik und Alter: Grundlagen, Institutionen und Praxis der Musiktherapie im Alter und bei Demenz. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer GmbH. Ridder, H.M., Wigram, T. & Ottesen, Aa.M. (2009) A pilot study on the effects of music therapy on Frontotemporal dementia – developing a research protocol. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 18(2), p Ridder (2007) En integrativ terapeutisk anvendelse af sang med udgangspunkt i neuropsykologiske, psykofysiologiske og psykodynamiske teorier. In: L.O. Bonde (Red.) Musik og Psykologi. Psyke og Logos 2007(1). Kbh.: Dansk Psykologisk Forlag. Ridder, H.M & Aldridge, D. (2007) Individual Music Therapy with Persons with Frontotemporal Dementia. Singing Dialogue. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, Conference Issue, EMTC 2007, Eindhoven, p First printed in: NJMT 2005, 14(2), p Ridder (2007) Microanalysis on selected video clips with focus on communicative response in music therapy. In: T. Wosch & T. Wigram (Red.) Microanalysis: Methods, Techniques and Applications in Music Therapy for Clinicians, Researchers, Educators and Students. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ridder (2005) Music therapy with the elderly; complementary data as a rich approach to understanding communication. In: D. Aldridge (Ed.). Case Study Designs in Music therapy. (p ). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Ridder (2003) Singing Dialogue. Music therapy with persons in advanced stages of dementia. A case study research design. Ph.d.-thesis, Aalborg University. References