1 Abstract 1

2 Hydrologic Processes within Landscapes 2 snobear.colorado.edu/IntroHydro/hydro.gif

3 Flint Hills Demo Flint Hills 10,000 mi 2 KansasCity Konza LTER * * Kilometers Kansas Ecoregions

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5 Kings Creek Watershed, Konza Prairie (11 km 2 ) SSURGO soil map, superimposed on orthophoto USGS Stream Gauge 5

6 GT Hydrologic Model Simulation, Flint Hills Ecoregion, Kansas 100 km 2 Precip record Discharge at Stream network (right) DEM (left) Kings Creek Watershed, 11 km 2 6

7 Dynamic simulations of stream discharge & soil moisture distribution Driest Wettest Soil Moisture 7 Soil Moisture (right) DEM (left)

8 Dynamic simulations of stream discharge & soil moisture distribution Driest Wettest Soil Moisture 8

9 MODES : a MODular Ecosystem Services model for assessing human impacts on land, air & water resources Bob McKane, Project Coordinator (EPA-WED) Marc Stieglitz & Feifei Pan (Georgia Institute of Technology) Ed Rastetter & Bonnie Kwiatkowski (Marine Biological Laboratory) Nathan Schumaker (EPA-WED), Brad McRae (NCEA), Allen Solomon (USFS), Richard Busing (USGS) Water Quality & Quantity Forest Ecosystem Services Habitat Quality Wildlife Populations Air Quality & Greenhouse Gases Agricultural Ecosystem Services

10 Human Well-Being The Problem:  Human actions affect multiple ecosystem services  No single model can capture all stressor effects & ES trade-offs Forest Products Greenhouse Gases Ag Products Water Quality & Quantity Wildlife Aquatic Life

11 Effects Multi-Model Approach MODES Models Wildlife Populations Plant Communities Biogeochemistry Hydrology Stressors Stressors  Land Use Urban Agriculture Forestry  Global Change Climate CO 2 N deposition  Chemicals Fertilizers Pesticides Toxics Terrestrial Services  Ag products  Forest products  C sequestration  Nutrient regulation  GHG regulation  Wildlife Aquatic Services  Drinking water  Flood mitigation  Aquatic life

12 MODES

13 MODES  Philosophy Modular: different models for different suites of eco services Modular: different models for different suites of eco services Process-Based: link effects to stressors (GCC, land use…) Process-Based: link effects to stressors (GCC, land use…) Simple: few parameters & drivers Simple: few parameters & drivers Broad Applicability: ag, forest, grassland, tundra… Broad Applicability: ag, forest, grassland, tundra… Flexible Scales: plots  watersheds, days  centuries Flexible Scales: plots  watersheds, days  centuries  Regulatory & Planning Goals Best Management Practices: balancing multiple eco services Best Management Practices: balancing multiple eco services Water Quality: nutrients, contaminants Water Quality: nutrients, contaminants Water Quantity: too little, too much Water Quantity: too little, too much Greenhouse gases: CO2, N2O, NOx… Greenhouse gases: CO2, N2O, NOx… Habitat & Wildlife: effects of land use & toxics Habitat & Wildlife: effects of land use & toxics

14 MODES suite of models  Climate: *PRISM – high resolution climate data *PRISM – high resolution climate data *SNOPACK – snow accumulation, drifting & melt *SNOPACK – snow accumulation, drifting & melt SOILTEMP – soil temperature & permafrost freeze/thaw SOILTEMP – soil temperature & permafrost freeze/thaw  Hydrology: *GT – spatially distributed land surface hydrology *GT – spatially distributed land surface hydrology Stream Network – stream flow accumulation & nutrient attenuation Stream Network – stream flow accumulation & nutrient attenuation  Biogeochemistry: *MEL – C, N, P, H 2 O cycling in plants & soils *MEL – C, N, P, H 2 O cycling in plants & soils *PSM – plant & soil C & N, losses of DIN, DON *PSM – plant & soil C & N, losses of DIN, DON *NESIS – stable isotope simulator *NESIS – stable isotope simulator  Wildlife Habitat & Populations *FORCLIM – plant community / habitat dynamics *FORCLIM – plant community / habitat dynamics *PATCH – wildlife population dynamics *PATCH – wildlife population dynamics *Developed or modified through EPA-WED

15  Climate: *PRISM – Daly, Smith, Smith & McKane 2007, J. Applied Meteorology & Climatology *PRISM – Daly, Smith, Smith & McKane 2007, J. Applied Meteorology & Climatology *SNOPACK – Stieglitz 1994, Journal of Climate *SNOPACK – Stieglitz 1994, Journal of Climate *SOIL-TEMP – Stieglitz, Ducharne, Koster & Suarez 2001, J. Hydrometeorology *SOIL-TEMP – Stieglitz, Ducharne, Koster & Suarez 2001, J. Hydrometeorology  Hydrology: *GT – Pan et al. in prep; McKane et al., in review *GT – Pan et al. in prep; McKane et al., in review Stream Network – Liu & Weller 2007, Environmental Modeling & Assessment Stream Network – Liu & Weller 2007, Environmental Modeling & Assessment  Biogeochemistry: *MEL – Rastetter, Perakis, Shaver & Agren 2005, Ecological Applications *MEL – Rastetter, Perakis, Shaver & Agren 2005, Ecological Applications *PSM – Stieglitz, McKane & Klausmeier 2006, Global Biogeochemical Cycles *PSM – Stieglitz, McKane & Klausmeier 2006, Global Biogeochemical Cycles *NESIS – Rastetter, Kwiatkowski & McKane 2005, Ecological Applications *NESIS – Rastetter, Kwiatkowski & McKane 2005, Ecological Applications  Wildlife Habitat & Population Dynamics *FORCLIM – Busing, Solomon, McKane, Burdick 2007, Ecological Applications *FORCLIM – Busing, Solomon, McKane, Burdick 2007, Ecological Applications *PATCH – McRae, Schumaker, McKane, Busing, Solomon, Burdick, Ecol. Mod. in press *PATCH – McRae, Schumaker, McKane, Busing, Solomon, Burdick, Ecol. Mod. in press Recent Publications