W ASHINGTON S TATE W INE O VERVIEW

What is Washington wine? 2 Washington State produces: Premium wines of superior quality Range of varieties Distinctive character Unique balance of Old World and New World

Global Perspective 3 Global Wine Production Italy – 19% France – 18.5% Spain – 13% United States – 8% U.S. Wine Grape Production Washington – 50,000+ acres; 200,000 tons (est. 2013) California – 543,000 acres; 4,000,000 tons −Napa Valley - 45,500 acres

The US Wine Market Million U.S. Adults in 2012

The US Wine Market 5 US Adult Wine Drinkers vs. Total Populations of other Wine Producing Countries

The US Wine Market 6 Total Table Wine Consumption in U.S.

US Wine Industry - # of wineries 7

A Brief History of WA Wine 8 Wine grapes first planted at Fort Vancouver in 1825 Prohibition repealed in 1933 Dr. Walter Clore begins wine research at WSU station in Prosser in 1937 Commercial-scale plantings began in the 1960s Chateau Ste. Michelle founded in 1967 Washington State Wine Commission established in 1987

Washington State Wine Today 9washingtonwine.org 800+ Wineries today −19 in 1981 −170 in 2001 −350+ in Grape Growers Approx mil cases produced

Phenomenal Growth 10

Grapes Grown 11 Loamy Fine Sand and Gravel Loamy Sand and Gravel Deep Coarse Loamy Sand Basalt Bedrock Wind-Deposited Sandy Loam Dark Silt Loam with Sand Calcium Carbonate Deep Silt Loam Basalt Bedrock

Critical Acclaim from Wine Spectator Percent of Average Scores California France Italy Oregon Washington Price for Average 90 point wine California$64$74$71$76$81$73 France$100$96$78$90$94$92 Italy$69$55$67$72$71$67 Oregon$50$48$48$49$48$49 Washington$42$41$44$43$43$43 12

Washington’s Growing Reputation 13washingtonwine.org For those consumers trading down from Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon priced from $50-$100:

Washington State 14

Washington’s 13 AVAs 15washingtonwine.org

Yakima Valley 16

Walla Walla Valley Spring Valley Vineyard

Columbia Valley Sagemoor Vineyard

Red Mountain

Horse Heaven Hills The Benches Vineyard

Snipes Mountain

Columbia Gorge Celilo Vineyard

Puget Sound 23

Washington State Primer 24 Geography Geology Viticulture

Northerly Latitude 25

Rain Shadow Effect ” 35-40” 15’ Snow 6-10”

Rain Shadow Effect 27 Average Annual Rainfall Napa Valley: 25” - 35” Bordeaux: 20” - 30” Columbia Valley: 6” – 10”

Heat Accumulation 28 Average Growing Degree Days

Rapid Cooling 29 Mean Temperature by Month

Diurnal Shift 30 Warm Day Time Temps + Chilly Night Time Temps = Mature phenolics and balanced acidity

Washington State Primer 31 Geography Geology Viticulture

Geology of the Northwest 32 What makes the Northwest such a special and unique place to grow grapes? Volcanos Floods Winds

Active Volcanic Area 33

Basalt Foundation 34 Columbia Valley area lava seam caused one of the fastest lava flows earth has seen (30 million years ago) …sheer weight created the valley! Cascade Range volcanoes contributed Subsoil strata: Basalt

Missoula Floods 35

Missoula Floods 36

Missoula Floods 37

Persistent Wind 38 Effects: Decreases shoot growth, producing smaller canopies Reduces berry size Reduces disease pressures Reduces photosynthesis, which may prolong harvests

Washington State Primer 39 Geography Geology Viticulture

Pests & Disease in Washington 40 Soil types are not conducive for pests Winter Freeze kills many pests Arid temps and wind help control development of fungal diseases (less need for spray) Allows for planting on natural rootstock!

Ample Water Supply 41 Columbia River Fourth-largest river by volume in the US, largest flowing into the Pacific Ocean Drainage basin of the Columbia and its tributaries is roughly the size of France, covering seven US states

Washington State Primer 42 Geography Northerly Latitude = More Sunlight Rain Shadow = Dry Climate Geology Volcanos + Floods = Diverse Soils Columbia River Basin = Ample Water Supply Viticulture Unique Soils = Distinctive Character Own-Rooted Vines = Varietal Correctness

T HANK Y OU ! washingtonwine.org