___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ APK: Activation of Prior Knowledge Write at least 2-3 sentences describing a time when… you totally rejected an established, accepted set of rules because you just could not live by them Question of the Day Why was the Protestant Reformation an important event for Christianity?

How this time period changed history

Key Vocabulary Terms [Use the following terms to guide your learning, you may want to write down notes related to this list]  Reformation  Inquisition  Martin Luther  Protestant  John Calvin  Erasmus

The Catholic Church  The Catholic Church was original church of believers in Jesus Christ.  The clergy (church leaders) are called priests and nuns.  The upper level priests are called monsignors, bishops, cardinals and the highest leader is the Pope who leads the Catholic Church from the Vatican in Rome, Italy.  Leaders must take a vow of celibacy [refrain from sex] to prove their devotion to God.

The Catholic Church Believers and clergy must follow the word of Jesus (the Gospel) as well as the 10 Commandments. Those who do not follow this way of life are often considered to be hypocrites.

The Catholic Church  The Catholic Church was an extremely powerful force in the world for hundreds of years.  The Church controlled the hearts, minds and souls of millions of people in Europe.

With power comes abuse  Some priests and church leaders abused their power.  Some Church leaders had secret wives and children.  Some Church leaders stole from church followers.  Some priests forgave sins for money.  Some Church leaders tortured people into following the Church.

Inquisitions  Disagreement from ordinary citizens in countries such as Spain and France turned into terror.  Catholic Church leaders punished citizens who disagreed with them.  People who refused to obey the rules of the Church were often put on trial, and if found guilty, were punished [by death and torture].  People found guilty were sometimes called heretics.  The term heretic was related to witchcraft.  Joan of Arc, a female French army leader, was executed for heresy.

Dissidents within the Catholic Church  Not every one in the Church was a hypocrite.  Some leaders were even dissidents (someone who disagrees).  Some of these people spoke out against what they believed was hypocrisy.  The most of these Church dissidents was the famous Martin Luther of Germany.  Luther who was sick of the hypocrisy posted his 95 Theses, with a hammer and nail, onto the door to Wittenberg church in Germany.  His 95 Theses was a list of complaints against the Church.  This list included a long list of necessary corrections and solutions [Reforms] to how the Church must be changed.

The Reformation  The so-called Reformation was a huge change to how Christian churches were organized.  Such as?  Reading the Bible was now encouraged by individuals.  Church teachings should be based on the Bible and not personal opinions of Church leaders.  All people were considered equal and not based on wealth or poverty.

Protestantism  What is the root word of Protestantism?  Protest  Protest=to challenge, speak out against and defy.  Leaders of the 1500s protest against Catholic leaders were Catholic priests Martin Luther and John Calvin.  These two men insisted that Church teaches needed to stress pure biblical teachings and righteousness.

Protestantism  Martin Luther- From Germany, Catholic priest and monk.  John Calvin- From France was once a lawyer who later became a priest who believed in studying the Bible intensely and interpreting it as literally as possible.  Both of these men believed in rejecting the total control of the Church of the Pope.  Calvin disagreed with Luther on many ideas but not the corruption of the Church.

 Erasmus was a Dutch monk who believed that the only way to go to heaven was directly through Jesus Christ.  Did not need a priest’s forgiveness.  He remained a Catholic [a priest and monk] but never took a promotion to a high leadership position but contributed many important religious writings. Dissidents within the Church

Results of the Reformation?  Luther and Calvin started new churches [Lutheran and Calvinist].  Other Protestant churches were started as well and many years later these churches spread to many parts of the world including the United States.  Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, and Presbyterian are some examples of such churches.  All remain faithful to Jesus Christ but not to the Pope

Writing Assignment: Letter to the Editor  Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper at the time of the Protestant Reformation.  Your letter should be supportive or in disagreement with the actions of reformers of the Catholic church.  Use examples from what you learned especially the actions of the Church and people such as Martin Luther in your letter.

Writing Assignment: Response to letter to the editor  After reading letters to the editor about the Protestant Reformation in Germany and other parts of Europe you have some interesting opinions.  Write a one page essay about your opinions of the articles you have read in the newspapers about The Reformation, the Catholic Church, Martin Luther, John Calvin or Erasmus.  Use one or more of the articles your peers have written in class to respond to [if this is an absence assignment for you use your letter to the editor].

Sources              pg pg