1988. Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr) 25 years of HOT.

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Presentation transcript:

1988

Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October present (260 cruises; ~10/yr) 25 years of HOT

Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October present (260 cruises; ~10/yr) Mahalo nui loa to countless folks for their contributions to the successes of HOT and Station ALOHA Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October present (260 cruises; ~10/yr) Mahalo nui loa to countless folks for their contributions to the successes of HOT and Station ALOHA 25 years of HOT NSF NOAA State of Hawaii (UH/SOEST) NSF NOAA State of Hawaii (UH/SOEST)

Quantifying the Surface Freshwater Flux at Station ALOHA Roger Lukas*, Fernando Santiago- Mandujano*, Albert Plueddemann +, Robert Weller +, Fred Duennebier*, Bruce Howe* * U. Hawaii at Manoa + Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014 R. Weller (WHOI)

The ocean and the hydrological cycle

Tradewinds – Harvesting Water and Heat From the Ocean NOAA/OAR Ocean Reference Stations Donating to the warm pool

Precious Rains Hawaii’s tenuous water resources ∫(E-P)dt

WHOTS Rainfall and Evaporation Sean Whelan (WHOI) Rainfall – Has small space-time scales Not well-observed from space Poorly represented in NWP model-reanalyses

WHOTS and the hydrological cycle

Winter Storms Interact with ITCZ

WHOTS and the hydrological cycle How stable and reliable are the trends estimated from limited observations? Observations limited in duration and spatial extent; exponential rainfall distributions in space and time

WHOTS Buoy Mixed Layer See poster #2463 by McCoy et al., this session

Multiple data sources and error characteristics

December 5th, 2012 Rainfall Event Molokai NexRad Station ALOHA Molokai NexRAD

HOT Cruise 248 Shipboard Rain Gauges

qprate wind speed wind direction Surface salinity SST WHOTS-9 Buoy data

Rainfall Rates from NexRAD

December 5th, 2012 Rainfall Event Hydrophone sound before rainstorm during rainstorm

minutes from 08:50 Spectrogram for Dec 5 th 2012 frequency (kHz) db re 1µ Pascal 4728 m

ALOHA Cabled Observatory 4728 m 17.5 KHz 10.5 KHz 4 KHz

10.5 KHz rainfall rate rainfall rate wind speed wind speed

17.5 KHz rainfall rate wind speed

mm/hrmax min TRMM rain radar

TRMM Satellite Rainfall Estimates 5-day accumulation estimates

Numerical Weather Prediction Model Rainfall for Station ALOHA ECMWF WHOTS

Summary Measured rainfall in situ much larger than satellite, comparable to NexRAD weather radar Time-space variability of rainfall challenges freshwater budgets Bridging scales is crucial for satellite ground- truthing, and verification of NWP and climate models Related posters by Nystuen et al. (UW/APL); Poster by Monk et al. (BIOS); Poster by Yang et al. (UW)

ACO Acoustic Data Rainfall Estimation