Do-Later Coming soon… Thursday, February 19 th Agenda Notes Discussion Do-LaterHomework Finish your writing assignment, review your notes in preparation for your open- notebook test tomorrow. Test covers Jeffersonian Era through the war of 1812.

The Battle of New Orleans and the War of 1812 draws to an end

Who took part in the battle?... A ragtag group of American forces led by Jackson A ragtag group of American forces led by Jackson Including: in addition to regular U.S. Army units, local militiamen, Choctaw Indian warriors, black former Haitian slaves fighting as free men of color, Kentucky and Tennessee frontiersmen armed with deadly long rifles, a colorful band of Baratarian pirates led by Jean Lafitte Including: in addition to regular U.S. Army units, local militiamen, Choctaw Indian warriors, black former Haitian slaves fighting as free men of color, Kentucky and Tennessee frontiersmen armed with deadly long rifles, a colorful band of Baratarian pirates led by Jean Lafitte This hodgepodge of 4,000 soldiers, crammed behind narrow fortifications, faced more than twice their number This hodgepodge of 4,000 soldiers, crammed behind narrow fortifications, faced more than twice their numbervs. “The greatest army in the world” led by Pakenham “The greatest army in the world” led by Pakenham Including: army and navy men fresh from Napoleonic campaigns, Vice- Admiral Alexander Cochrane and the British navy, the First and Fifth West India Regiments, made up of about one thousand black soldiers from Jamaica, Barbados, and the Bahamas. Some of these units recruited and trained American slaves who escaped to British lines, attracted by the promise of freedom. Including: army and navy men fresh from Napoleonic campaigns, Vice- Admiral Alexander Cochrane and the British navy, the First and Fifth West India Regiments, made up of about one thousand black soldiers from Jamaica, Barbados, and the Bahamas. Some of these units recruited and trained American slaves who escaped to British lines, attracted by the promise of freedom.

Major General Andrew Jackson Tennessee native Tennessee native “Old Hickory”, “Hawkface” “Old Hickory”, “Hawkface” Experienced in battle against the Spaniards, Native Americans Experienced in battle against the Spaniards, Native Americans Became famous for his success in the Battle of New Orleans Became famous for his success in the Battle of New Orleans Later elected president Later elected president Passionate & charismatic leader Passionate & charismatic leader inspired local men as well as his troops to fight against the British inspired local men as well as his troops to fight against the British expansionist expansionist

Battle of Horseshoe Bend Gained Jackson recognition as a general Gained Jackson recognition as a general March 27, 1814 March 27, 1814 Jackson against the “red stick” Creek Indians Jackson against the “red stick” Creek Indians Destroyed Native American power in the south Destroyed Native American power in the south

Major General Sir Edward Pakenham Britain sent between 11,000 and 14,450 troops to fight under his command Britain sent between 11,000 and 14,450 troops to fight under his command All experienced veterans of Napoleonic war All experienced veterans of Napoleonic war His was considered the finest army in the world His was considered the finest army in the world Killed in battle on January 8 th, 1815, the decisive ending battle of the War of 1812 Killed in battle on January 8 th, 1815, the decisive ending battle of the War of 1812

The Battle of New Orleans

Actually a 6 month campaign, a series of 4 battles for control of the port of New Orleans Actually a 6 month campaign, a series of 4 battles for control of the port of New Orleans Decisive battle January 8, 1815, Andrew Jackson leads the Americans to defeat the British, causing them to withdraw from New Orleans Decisive battle January 8, 1815, Andrew Jackson leads the Americans to defeat the British, causing them to withdraw from New Orleans

Why was New Orleans so important? Access to the west Access to the west Vital port, access to the gulf Vital port, access to the gulf Could potentially cut off the center of the United States from access to international trade and transportation Could potentially cut off the center of the United States from access to international trade and transportation Without access to this port, what would happen? Without access to this port, what would happen?

The Result American victory at New Orleans forced the British to recognize US claims to LA & West FL American victory at New Orleans forced the British to recognize US claims to LA & West FL British ratify the Treaty of Ghent British ratify the Treaty of Ghent Ending the war Ending the war The Battle of New Orleans also marked Louisiana’s statehood The Battle of New Orleans also marked Louisiana’s statehood

The Result Andrew Jackson is a national hero Andrew Jackson is a national hero The United States is able to retain use of New Orleans as a port The United States is able to retain use of New Orleans as a port Interior lands (drained by the Mississippi River) keep access to the sea for trade Interior lands (drained by the Mississippi River) keep access to the sea for trade

The Problem with “Sail Mail”… Slow mail system, news of the Treaty of Ghent did not reach the continental US for nearly 2 months! Slow mail system, news of the Treaty of Ghent did not reach the continental US for nearly 2 months!

Never had to happen… The Hartford Convention The Hartford Convention Disgruntled New Englanders discuss Disgruntled New Englanders discuss secession and/or amending the constitution The Battle of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans Neither ever had to happen, the war was over already! Neither ever had to happen, the war was over already!

The Hartford Convention

Treaty of Ghent Peace on Christmas Eve Peace on Christmas Eve Signed December 24, 1814 Signed December 24, 1814 What was gained in the treaty? What was lost? What was gained in the treaty? What was lost? Not much. Not much. Treaty merely ended hostilities on both sides, restored pre-war conditions Treaty merely ended hostilities on both sides, restored pre-war conditions Americans considered it a triumph Americans considered it a triumph

Think about it… When the treaty of Ghent had gained so little, why did most Americans consider the War of 1812 a victory? When the treaty of Ghent had gained so little, why did most Americans consider the War of 1812 a victory?

Putting it into perspective That which was a life-or-death struggle for Anglo- Americans, Native Americans, and Canadians, went barely noticed by most British. That which was a life-or-death struggle for Anglo- Americans, Native Americans, and Canadians, went barely noticed by most British. The War of 1812 simply paled in comparison to the continental war with Napoleon. The War of 1812 simply paled in comparison to the continental war with Napoleon.

Lasting Impact What were the effects of the conclusion of the War of 1812? What were the effects of the conclusion of the War of 1812? “America’s second war for independence” “America’s second war for independence” Put America on the map as an international power, no longer an “awkward teenager,” respect Put America on the map as an international power, no longer an “awkward teenager,” respect The young US now had international recognition; known as a force to be reckoned with The young US now had international recognition; known as a force to be reckoned with

Do-Later: Writing Your assignment (choose 1): Option 1 : Play the role of a sportscaster, in >2 paragraphs, write a play-by-play radio show detailing the events at the Battle of New Orleans. Exciting and detailed are the key elements. Option 1 : Play the role of a sportscaster, in >2 paragraphs, write a play-by-play radio show detailing the events at the Battle of New Orleans. Exciting and detailed are the key elements. Option 2 : Re-write history. In >2 paragraphs, describe what would have happened following a LOSS at the battle of New Orleans. What would have resulted if the battle had been won by the British? How would things have been different? Option 2 : Re-write history. In >2 paragraphs, describe what would have happened following a LOSS at the battle of New Orleans. What would have resulted if the battle had been won by the British? How would things have been different?

Test Tomorrow, Open-Notebook Tomorrow’s test will be open notebook and cover information from Jefferson’s presidency through the war of Tomorrow’s test will be open notebook and cover information from Jefferson’s presidency through the war of HOMEWORK: HOMEWORK: Tonight, review your notes, handouts, readings, homeworks, etc. in preparation. Begins with Election of 1800, ends with battle of new orleans