Minoan Religion. Minoan Crete Map Cave of Eileithyia MM cult centers Baetyl Animal Bones Animal Figurines Bronze artifacts.

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Theseus Theseus was the son of an Athenian king Aegeus

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Presentation transcript:

Minoan Religion

Minoan Crete Map

Cave of Eileithyia MM cult centers Baetyl Animal Bones Animal Figurines Bronze artifacts

Peak Shrines Link to MM protopalatial elites through artifacts Linear A, Kamares Ware Ash layer, no bones Many figurines

Tripartite Shrine

Domestic Shrines Town, Palace, House Bench Sanctuary Lustral Baisin Pillar Crypt

Snake Goddess/Priestess

Goddess of the Mountain Goddess of the Beasts

Goddesses

Minoan Pantheon

The Male Consort

Male Divinity? Male figures rarer Usually smaller stature Lesser Male Divinity? Rural Matriarchy? Urban Patriarchy?

Ayia Triadha Sarcophagus: LMIIIA (14thC) Painted Plaster over Stone

Celestial vs Chthonic Gods “Chthon” = earth

Sacrifice

Human Sacrifice Anemospilia Near Archanes & Heraklion Bound male on altar 2 others killed in room by earthquake 1 killed in anteroom with krater (of blood?)

Child Sacrifice & Cannibalism? Children’s bones with butchering marks in North House, Knossos Caravaggio

Child Sacrifice in Myth? ?

Theseus & the Minotaur Athenians send human tribute to bull crazy Minoans Palace at Knossos like Labyrinth to simpler Mycenaean Greeks

The Labyrinthine Palace Note dismembered bodies

Hero Story Miraculous Conception/BirthAegeus/Poseidon Hiding of/Threat to ChildTroezen, with Aethra Medea? Society’s Desire for ChangeNo more sacrifice! Withdrawal & InitiationUmmmm Resistance of Hero RoleUmmm Search for Lost FatherTrip to Athens QuestKilling Minotaur Magical Tools/WeaponsClub, thread, sword Impossible AdversariesNumerous Journey to UnderworldRape of Persephone Return (in Disguise) to Save BelovedUmmmm

Early Exploits Father’s Tokens Heroic Journey Periphetes’ Club Crommyonian Sow Sinis & tree Sciron’s turtle Procrustes’ bed Daughters? Herculean hero

Aegeus, Medea, & Theseus Medea the Colchian witch Murderer of brother & children by Jason Marathonian Bull

Marathonian/Cretan Bull Brought to Greece as one of 12 labors of Herakles… Bull of Poseidon Pasiphae & Bull Minotaur’s father! Good Credentials for facing Minotaur

Revenge of Minos Androgeos at Panathenaic games Victorious Cretan murdered by envious Athenian athletes or by Aegeus Athenian compensation: 7 boys & 7 girls every 9 years

Cretan “Games”

Theseus’ trip to Crete Theseus as 1 of 7 boys White Sails for Success Black/Red Sails for Failure (death of Theseus)

Theseus’ edge: Inside Woman

Victory! Theseus slays Minotaur Theseus & Ariadne sail off into the sunset…

Homeymoon on Naxos

Dionysus to the Rescue Dionysus finds Ariadne They drink happily ever after…

Theseus sails home to celebrate victory…& freedom Aegeus watches for beloved son Ooops - black sails Aegeus leaps to death Oh well, Theseus becomes king of Athens

Theseus & Herakles: Fratboy Heroes Herakles’ 12 labors Girdle of Hippolyte Theseus & Pirithous carry off Antiope/Hippolyte

Amazon Invasion of Attica Amazons defeated, Antiope slain fighting beside Theseus Amazonomachy artform comparable to contemporary Miller Lite commercial “tastes great; less filling”

Theseus, Phaedra & Hippolytus Child of Antiope Stepmother Phaedra False accusation of rape Bull from Poseidon causes death of Hipploytus in chariot crash Phaedra hangs herself

More bad behavior Theseus abducts 12 year old Helen Theseus & Pirithous go to underworld to abduct Persephone Trapped in Chair of Oblivion Rescued by Herakles

Death of Theseus Helen rescued by her brothers, the Dioscuri: Castor and Polydeuces (Pollux) Theseus in exile Murdered/fell of a cliff